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Jamestown was the first permanent settlement in Virginia.
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Weren't used much at first. However, by 1700, most labor needs were filled by the forcible importation of Africans.
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1st elected assembly in the New World. Still operates today as the "General Assembly"
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Document where they agreed to obey laws created for the general good. Pledged loyalty to God and the king.
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English (Anglo) - French rivalry led to the conflict. Both countries wanted the land west of the Appalachians and in Canada.
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England gained the land west of the Appalachians and in Canada from France
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England prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachians.
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Placed tax on legal documents
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A mob of anti-british demonstrators formed and British troops fired into the mob. 5 colonists died
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England put restrictions on tea. Colonists boarded tea ships in Boston and threw the tea in the water
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Met in Philadelphia and urged colonies to form militias. Meeting of representatives from all 13 colonies except Georgia. Issued a statement of colonial rights
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Created the Continental Congress and George Washington was general. Issued the "Olive Branch Petition" which was the final peace offered that was rejected.
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British troops attacked a colonial weapons stockpile. Minutemen assembeled and fighting erupted in Massachusetts
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Issued by Continental Congress and was written by Thomas Jefferson from Virginia. Colonies officially separated from England.
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French Gen. Marquis de Lafayette developed a plan. Cornwallis surrenders.
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England acknowledged American independence. The united states' boundaries: Atlantic Ocean and Mississippi River
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First president of the United States
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Set up the court
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Invented by Eli Whitney. Made cotton growing very profitable.
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Defeated Jefferson in election. Federalist.
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-Indians were forced off their lands into smalled and smaller reservations
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-Plan under whch indians would be forced to adopt American culture
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Richmond, Virginia
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First peaeful transfer of power from one party to another.
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Jefferson bought land from France. It doubled the size of the U.S. Included land from the MIssissippi River and Rocky Mountains.
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Marshall declared a law unconstitutional . Established power of judicial review.
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British interference with American shipping. British aid to indians in the west.
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Marshall upheld the federal governments rights to establish a bank. Showed the court could meditate between states and federal government.
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Divided the Louisiana Purchase at 36,30. North of line were free and south of line we slave. Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state.
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Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded and more people got involved in the electoral process. Americans no longer let aristocrats make all the decisions.
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-Strong leader of Women's sufferage
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The court overturned a steamboat monopoly. Confirmed the federl governments power of commerce.
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By President Monroe. Warned Europe against: future colonization in the Americas, interference in any independent country in the western hemisphere.
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Personified the the "democratic" spirit of the age. He challenged the economic elite, he appealed to the common man voters, not the wealthy aristocrats.
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Law was passed by Jackson's request. It forced all Indians east of the Mississippi River to move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma)
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Southampton, Virginia. Led band of 80 slaves against 4 plantations. Was caught and hung.
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Alamo: Old Mission house, Texas fortified themselves there. Mexican General Santa Anna attacked with superior forces and fought until their last man died.
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Texas won independence. Led by Sam Houston and established the Republic of Texas
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Took over Texas
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Mexican war (1846-1848) President James Polk urged the war. Wanted the southwest and Mexico wouldnt sell. Defeated Mexico easily. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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1st women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY. Leader: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and issued the Seneca Falls Declaration
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1848: Gold was discovered and "49ers" rushed to CA
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CA entered as a free state. Southwestern territory would decide on their own.
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Part of the Compromise of 1850. Made it easier to catch runaway slaves. Many northerners refused to enfore this law.
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Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe and portrayed the evils of slavery, was widely read and increased support in the North for abolition
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Repealed the Missouri Compromise by giving KN and NB "popular sovereignty" meaning they could choose.
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Founder: Uriah Stevens
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-Southern and Eastern Europe
-Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia
-Asia
-China and Japan -
-Northern and Western Europe
-Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden -
-Banned entry of almost all Chinese
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Founder: Samuel Gompers
-"Craft Union": only skilled workers from multiple industries
-Used "collective barganing": Unions and employers negotiate -
-Knights of Labor in Chicago
-Bomb went off near police
-8 strikers convicted -
Goal: Americanize the Indians
1. Broke up reservatoins and divided them into individual plots
2. Legally abolished tribes -
-Prevented "any business structure that restrained trade"
-Goal: outlaw trusts (monopolies)
-Wasn't successful -
-Carnegie Steel Plant
-Plant manager Henry Frick called the Pinkerton Detective Agency
-Major gun battle -
Founder: Eugene v. Debs
-Railroad workers
-"Industrial Union": skilled and unskilled workers from one industry -
-By Pullman railroad workers
-Started nationwide RR boycott
-Fed. gov't. ended it -
-By Secretary of State John Hay
-Gave all nations equal trading rights in China
-Called for fair competition
-Goal: end U.S./European competition
-Urged foreigners to obey Chinese laws -
-Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule
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-U.S. annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and Phillippines
-Cuba became free -
-By Chinese "Boxers"
-Goal: Remove foreign influence
-failed -
-Early 20th century reform movement
-It used the government to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization -
-U.S. asserted the right to intervine in Cuban affairs
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-Roosevelt added to the Monroe Doctrine
-Reminded Europe not to interfere
-said U.S. would use force to protest it's interests in Latin America -
-Period from 1910-30 when many African Americans moved from rural south to northern cities
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-Voters elect Senators now (not legislatures)
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-Creates federal income tax
-Is a "progressive tax": higher incomes pay higher rate -
-Expands Sherman Anti-Trust Act
-Outlaws price-fixing
-Exempts unions from Sherman Act -
-Creates FTC
-Investigates business practices -
-Roosevelt encouraged Panama to break from Columbia
-Panama Succeeded
-Gave U.S. rights to build canal
Finished in 1914
-Connected Atlantic and Pacific -
- German submarine warfare
- Zimmerman Telegram
- U.S. had close ties to Great Britain
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-U.S. remained neutral for 3 years
-Europe 1914 -
- Punishment of Germany -War guilt cause -Had to pay reparations -Couldn't have army
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-Wilson's Peace Plan
-Goal: Eliminate causes of war -
-Women gain right to vote
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-Banned alcohol
-Bootleggers: alcohol smugglers
-Speakeasies: secret bars -
-Explosion of black intellectual and cultural life
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-Put a quota of how many immigrants could come from each country
-Allowed more from "old immigrant" areas than "new immigrant" ideas
-Effect: basically ended immigration for several decades -
-TN teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution
-Trial sparked a national debate over revolution -
-New union
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-President in 1928
-Believed in "Rugged Individualism"
-Called for more individual effort
-Favored limited government -
-The stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression
-However, it was not the only cause -
-October 29th, 1929 is when stock market crashed
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-Horrible drought on the Great Plains
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-Ran against Hoover and crushed him in votes
-Promised "New Deal"
-Democrat -
-Franklin D. Roosevelt promised a "New Deal"
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-Federal Deposit Insuarance Corperation
-Insures bank deposites
-Regualtes banks -
-Protected workers rights to form unions and angage in collective bargaining
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-Biggest New Deal program
-Provides safeguards for workers
-Disability and unemployment compensation
-Old-age pension -
-Set maximum work hours and minimum wages
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-Stalin and Hitler agree not to attack each other
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-Final Cause: Germany invaded Poland from the west
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-Japan attacks Pear Harobr, Hawaii
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-U.S. declares war against foreign nations
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-Normandy invasion
-Led by Eisenhower
-Allies landed in German-occupied France -
-German counteroffensive
-Allies soon recovered -
-Supreme court allowed internment
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-"Iron Curtain"
-Winston Churchill's nickname for the line that separated democratic West Europe and communist East Europe -
-The uneasy peace after WWII. marked by a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from 1945 to 1991
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-Allies from West and Soviet Union from East overran Germany
-Germany surrendered -
-Japanese cities where atomic bombs had been dropped
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-Atomic bombs dropped in Japanese cities and there were countless deaths
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-U.S navy beat a larger Japanese force
-Ended the threat to Hawaii -
-Post war trials of Nazis for war crimes in the Holocaust
-Many convictions -
-Massive US financial aid package to rebuild Europes economies
-Goal: Prevent spread of communism -
-Soviets blockaded West Berlin
-U.S. flew in supplies -
-Drafted 10 million men into the military
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-Leader: Mao Zedong
-US Reaction: increased fear of communist world domination -
-Divided Korea: North-Communist and South-Democratic
-North Korea invaded South Korea -
-Eisenhower's Nuclear Policy: "Massive Retaliation" - The US would use an all-out nuclear attack to totally destroy the Soviets if they attacked with nukes
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-Gave atomic secrets to the soviets
-Electorcuted -
-Part of "The Space Race"
-Soviets launched Sputnik into space -
-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Main Goal: Prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe -
-Alliance among Soviet Union and East European countries
-Both sides maintained large military forces in Europe -
-JFK's inauguration
-"Ask not..."
-US would "Pay any price.." -
-Frances Gary Powers was shot down while spying over the Soviet Union
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-Between East and West Berlin
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-Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba
-JFK demanded their removal and blockaded Cuba
-World came close to nuclear war for many days
-Soviets "blinked" and removed their missiles -
-Dallas, TX
-Lee Harvey Oswald
-Shook America's confidence
-Began a period of internal strife
