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Formed by the Virginia Company of London...First permanent English settlement...Became Virginia
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1st Elected Assembly in the New World...Still operates today as the General Assembly
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1st slaves came in Jamestown...weren't used much at first...by 1700's most labor needs were filled by the forcible imprtation of Africans
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Document where they agreed to obre laws created for the general good...Pledged loyalty to God and the King...Created a covenant community(a community based on the promises found in the Mayflower Compact)
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English(Anglo) and American colonies fought France and Indians...England won...Fight was over who got land west of thte Appalachians and in Canada
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The signing of this treaty ended the French and Indian War
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England prohibited colonists from setling west of the appalachians...because it cost alot to protect colonists from Indian attacks there...this angered colonists that wanted to move there
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Placed on legal documents...a tax
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Colonist and British soldiers in Boston competed over jobs...Mob of anti British...British fired into mob... 5 colonists died
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England put taxes on tea... angered colonists... colonists dumped tea in an act of boycotting
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Meeting of all 13 colonies except Georgia...like a unified country
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British troops attacked a colnial weapon stockpile...minutemen assembled...fighting erupted
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Created the Continental army...George Washington was general
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Issued by Continental Congress...Written by Thomas Jefferson...Colonies officially seperated from England
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The 13 newly independent states united into 1 country
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Fought between the British and the Americans & French
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Time period during which the United States was under the Articles of Confederation
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Ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and The United States of America
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established a plan for surveying the western lands
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Called to settle disputes among states over commerce
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Held in Philadelphia...Led by George Washington and Thomas Jefferson
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Created 2-house Congress...Senate and House of Representatives
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Provided the process for the creation and admission of new states
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Debt-Ridde farmers in Massachusettes rebel due to high taxes
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slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person when determining a state's representation in House of Reps.
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Set up the court system...3 executive departments were created: state, treasury, and war
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1st president of the United States of America
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The Bill of Rights was signed...1st 10 Amendments...Deals with Rights and Liberty...Wrutten by James Madison
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Invented by Eli Whitney...made cotton growing very profitable
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John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson...Made the Alien and Sedition Acts...made undeclared war with France
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Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams...Important because it was the 1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another
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Famous slave revolt...happened in Richmond, VA
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Marshall declared a law unconstitutional...Important because it established the law of judicial review
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Jefferson bought this land from France...It doubled the size of the U.S....Included land from the Mississippi RIver to the Rocky Mountains
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Caused by British interference with American shipping and British aid to Indians in the West
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Marshall upheld the federal gov'ts right to establish a bank...said a state couldn't tax the bank ddue to national supremecy
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Strong leader of the Women's Suffrage Movement
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Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded and more people got involved in the electoral process
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The court overturned a steamboat monopoly...confirmed the federal gev'ts power over commerce
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Divided Lousianna at 36`,30`...north of line was free, south of line was slave... admitted Maine as a free state, Missouri as slave, Maintained balance of slave and free states
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By President Monroe... Warned Europe against: further colonization in the Americas, interference in any independent coutry in the Western Hemisphere
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Now more common people could vote and they liked Jackson...he personified the "democratic" spirit of the age
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Law passed at Jackson's request...Forced all Indians east of the Mississippi River to move to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma)
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Famous slave revolt...Happened in Southampton, VA...Led a band of 80 slaves against 4 plantations...caught and hung
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The Alamo was an old mission house...Texans fortfied themselves there...Mexican General Santa Anna with superior forces...They fought until their last man died
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Texans won their Independence...Led by Sam Houston...Established the Republic of Texas
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The United states annexed Texas
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President James Polk urged war...Wanted the Southwest...Mexico wouldn't sell...U.S. defeated Mexico easily
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1st womens rights convention...held in Senca Falls, NY...Led by Elizabeth Cody Stanton...Issued the Senca Falls Declaration...Outlined women's rights and grievances
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Gold was discovered..."49'ers" rushed to CA
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Part of the compromise of 1850...Made it easier to catch runaway slaves...Many Northerners refused to enforce this law
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Compromise entered as a free state...Southwestern territories would decide on their own
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Indians were forced off their lands onto smaller and smaller reservations
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Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe...Portrayed the evils of slavery...Widely read...Increased support in the North for Abolition
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Repealed the Missouri Compromise line by giving Kansas and Nebraska "popular sovereignty" which means they could choose
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A slave named Dred Scot sued for freedom after being taken into free territory by his owner...The Supreme Court ruled that: African americans aren't citizens so he had no right to sue & Congress had no right to ban slavery in the territories
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Main issue: slavery...Abraham Lincoln(a republican) won
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Fort Sumter was in South Carolina but it remained under Union(Northern) control...Confederates fired upon Union ships that were there to resupply Fort Sumter...This was the 1st battle of the Civil War
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Lee went North...Lost at Antietam,MD...Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclomation
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Freed slaves in the "rebelling states"...issued by Loncoln...aimed to abolish slavery...discouraged foreign intervention...lincoln started using black troops
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In Mississippi...Grant wins...Cut the Confedearcy in half
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Turning point of the war...Lee had to retreat...3 day battle
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Short speech by Lincoln...dedicating a cemetary...KEY POINTS: 1.US was one nation, not seperate states 2. The war was a struggle to preserve a nation that was: dedicated to the idea that all men are created equal & based on gov't of, by, and for the people 3. War was a 2nd American Revolution
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Lee Surrendured...Lee urged Southerners to accept surrender and unite as Americans
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assassinated by John Wilkes Booth...shortly after the war
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restoring Southern states had never left...determing the position of African Americans
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abolished slavery
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Put South under military occupation
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prohibited states from denying equal rights to any American...gave citizenship to blacks
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voting rights for African Americans
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Founded by Uriah Stevens...A Union
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Northern and Western Europe....Germany, GB, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
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Southern and Eastern Europe...Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia....Asia... China, Japan
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between a Republican (Rutherford B. Hayes) and a Democratic (Samuel J, Tilden)...Hayes won
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Banned entry of almost all Chinese
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Knights of Labor protest in Chicago...Bomb went off near police...8 strikers convicted
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Founded by: Samuel Gompers...Craft Union: only skilled workers from multiple unions...used Collective Bargaining: unions and employers negotiate
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Goal: To Americanize Indians...Broke up reservations and divided them into individual plots...Legally abolished tribes
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Prevented any business structure that restrained trade...Goal: outlaw trusts (monoplies)...Wasn't successful
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plan under which Indians would be forced to adopt American culture
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Carnegie Steel Plant...Henry Frick called dective agency...major gun battle
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Founded by Eugene V. Debs...Railroad workers...Industrial Union: skilled and unskilled workers from one industry
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By Pullman railroad workers...started a nationwide railroad boycott...Federal Gov't ended it
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Supreme Court said "seperate but equal" did not violate the 14th Amendment
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Established seperate facilities for whites and blacks
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By Chinese "Boxers"...goal was to remove foreign influence...failed
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US annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines...Cuba became free
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Cubans rebelled agaisnt Spanish rule...US had business and strategic interests in Cuba...Yellow Journalists...The de Lome Letter...American ship USS Maine exploded outside Cuba
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By Secretary of State John Hay...Gave all nations equal trading rights in China
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Us asserted the right to interven in Cuban affairs
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TR added to the Monroe Doctrine...reminded Europe not to interfere...said US would use force to protect its interests
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Many African-Americans moved from the rural south to Northern Cities
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Allowed congress to issue income tax
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Voters elect Senators now (not state legislatures)
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Connected Atlantic to Pacific... encouraged by Teddy Roosevelt
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Creates the FTC...Invesigates business practices
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Allies- Britain, France, Russia...Central Powers-Germany,Austria-Hungary...Stalemate developed
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Congress can execute ant-trust laws
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Primary statute of the Commission... prevent unfair methods of competition
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United States were neutral for 3 years...Entered because of German Submarine Warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, and Close ties to Great Britain
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Created by Woodrow Wilson...Goal: Elimanate causes of war...Key Ideas: Self-Determination, Freedom of the Sea, Mandate System, League of Nations
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Women gained right to vote
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Punishment of Germany...Mandates....National Boundries were Redrawn....League of Nations
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Banned alcohol use
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explosion of black intellectual and cultural life
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Early 20th century reform movement...Used the gov't to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization
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Put a quota on how many immigrants could come from each country...allowed more from "Old Immigrant" areas than "New Immigrant" areas...Effect: Basically ended immigration for several decades
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TN teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution...trial sparked a national debate over evolution
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President...Believed in "Rugged Individualism"...Favored Limited Gov't
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Time of severe econmic hardship in the US
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The day the stock market crashed
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a new union
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Horrible drought on Greeat Plains during 1930's
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Promised by Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation...Insured bank deposits...regulated banks
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Biggest New Deal program...Provided safegaurds for workers...Disability and unemployment compensation...Old-age pensions
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President of the United States..."we have nothing to fear, but fear itself"
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Protected workers rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining
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Set max work hours and min wages
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Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other
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The final cause was when Germany invaded Poland from the west
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5 million volunteers...10 million men drafted
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Japan bombs Pearl Harbor unexpectedly
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FDR's request...against Japan
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Stalled in 1942 at the Battle of Stalingrad
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the US beat a larger Japanese force which ended the threat to Hawaii
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Allies landed in German-occupied France
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Major German counteroffensive that temporarily set back the Allies
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Supreme Court allowed internment
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Postwar trials of Nazis for war crimes in the Holocaust
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Uneasy peace after WWII, marked as rivarly between the US and the Soviet Union
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aka Victory in Europe Day
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Japaneses city that was bombed...countless deaths
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Other japanese city that was bombed
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Japanese city...countless deaths...Japan surrendered afterwards...V-J Day
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massive US financial aid package to rebuild Europe's economies
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The US flew in supplies to a blockaded West Berlin
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East: communist...West:Democratic
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization...defesive allilance among he US and Western European countries
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communism eventually spread over to China
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North was communist...South was democratic
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Pres. in 1952 and 1956
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gave atomis secrets to the Soviets...electrocuted
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alliance among Soviet Union and Eastern European countries
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space shuttle launched by Soviets into space
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North Vietnam tried to install a communist gov't in South Vietnam by force...late 1950's - early 1960's
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President...assassinated in '63
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Francis Gary Powers was shot down while spying over the Soviet Union
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Between East and West Berlin
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Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in CUba and JFK told them not to
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Dallas TX...killed by Lee Harvey Oswald
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Johnson didn't seek reelection...Nixon won
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Foreign Policy...Conservatism...Watergate Scandal
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Nixon visited China...was elporing the rift between China and the Soviets
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5 men from Nixon's reelection committee got caught breaking into the Democratic Campaign HQ's
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Org. of Petroleum Exporting Countries...raised oil prices
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US troops left...Vietnamizationfailed...NV and SV merged
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Temporary thaw in Cold War
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NIxon's VP...Pardon of Nixon
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Panama was given control of the Canal by Jimmy Carter
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peace talks between Egypt and Israel
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52 americans were taken hostage in Iran
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Reagonomics: Large tax cuts,fewer social programs, less business regulations....Conservative Appointments...Pomoted patriotism and values
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"Mr.Gorbachev,tear down this wall"
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Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhev...signed SALT I
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The Berlin Wall was taken down
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Into Russia and 14 other countries...adopted a market economy and democracy
