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The White Primary was when GA did not allow blacks to vote in the primary elections. The White Primary was ruled unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court in the 1946 King v. Chapman court.
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. President Truman signed the order which said that all people would be allowed in the armed forces and are entitled to equal treatment and equal opportunities.
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Oliver J. Brown was fighting against separate schools for blacks and whites. The Supreme Court ruled that separate schools were unconstitutional which overturned the Plessey vs. Ferguson case of 1896.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education http://myloc.gov/_assets/Exhibitions/naacp/civilrightsera/Assets/3c11236v_enlarge.jpg
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The Montgomery Bus boycott was a campaign that revolted against segregated public transportation in 1955. Some people involved were: Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph Abernathy, and Rosa Parks. The case Browder v. Gayle ended in the Supreme Court ruling that segregated public transportation was unconstitutional and also overturned the Plessey v. Ferguson case.
http://www.bing.com/search?q=what+did+the+montgomery+bus+boycott+overturn%3F&src=IE-SearchBox&Form=IE http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ -
3 men in GA wanted to change the GA flag to the old confederate flag used in the civil war. Their names were John Sammons Bell, Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden. Some people believed that the flag was put up to celebrate the centennial of the civil war, but others thought it was representing GA’s stand against integration http://www.sos.georgia.gov/archives/museum/html/georgia_state_flag_since_1956.htm http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/college_guide/images/GA.jpg
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The Little Rock 9 is a group of Black Students who enrolled themselves in Central High School in Arkansas. They were initially denied entrance into this segregated school by the governor of Arkansas, but after an intervention with President Eisenhower they were allowed in. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/101st_Airborne_at_Little_Rock_Central_High.jpg/333px-101st_Airborne_at_Little_Rock_Central_High.jpg http://en.wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
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At around 3:45 a.m. the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple was bombed. The side wall of the building was blown up by multiple sticks of dynamite. The bombing was committed by General Gordon of the Confederate Underground. He called the UPI staff and admitted to the crime and also said this, “We bombed a temple in Atlanta. This is the last empty building in Atlanta we will bomb. All nightclubs refusing to fire their Negro employees will also be blown up. We are going to blow up all Communist o
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organizations. Negroes and Jews are hereby declared aliens.”- General Gordon of the Confederate Underground. Fortunately, none were injured or killed. http://jwa.org/system/files/imagecache/scale_width_300px/mediaobjects/TheTemple-_bombing_photo_-_have_permission.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Hebrew_Benevolent_Congregation_Temple
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. Governor Ernest Vandiver Jr. was forced to either integrate schools or close them, so he asked George Busbee to create a general assembly committee based on schools. The committee would go get opinions from citizens about integrating schools and it would go back and tell the governor. The results of the Sibley commission were a major part in Georgia changing its segregated ways. http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.com/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617 http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m
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Federal District Judge W. A. Bootle demanded the admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter into UGA. The black students caused a threat of the state of GA to close the school so there were massive riots outside the black student’s dorms. In the confusion state officials repealed the laws against the segregation of UGA.
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. Freedom riders were people who took public transportation into the Deep South testing the ruling of the Boynton v. Virginia which claimed that segregation on public busses was unconstitutional. There were seven blacks and six whites on board the first freedom ride. Freedom riders were attacked, beaten, and even set on fire, but they paved the way for more freedom rides to come. http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom%20rides.htm http://www.core-online.org/historyphotos/burning_bus.gif
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The Albany Movement was an alliance between many Civil Rights groups including the SNCC, NAACP, and the SCLC. It was led by William G. Anderson, a doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. This movement educated many people on Civil Rights and acquired thousands of civilian followers. Although it did not achieve its goal due to the people in favor of segregation, it is remembered for its strategies and tactics during the Civil Rights Movement. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Move
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These protests started on April 3, 1968 and put thousands in jail. There were groups of blacks marching and undergoing sit-ins at restaurants. The blacks that started it off got arrested, then more came and they got arrested, then more came and they got arrested. So many blacks got arrested children started going in to protest until they were arrested. Soon the jails were full and there were still protesters so Birmingham business community allowed blacks to eat at lunch counters and he said he
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This was one of the largest civil rights gatherings in American History. During this rally Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I have a dream” speech sparking integration in the crowd that listened to him. Whites even agreed with King after hearing the speech. These protesters marched for jobs and freedom and it was one of the most historic rallies in American history. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom
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. The Church was bombed on September 15, 1963. It killed four girls and injured twenty two more. The people who committed these crimes were Bobby Frank Cherry, Thomas Blanton, Herman Frank Cash, and Robert Chambliss. They were part of a KKK group known as the United Klan sod America. The 26 kids were walking into the basement for a sermon and met a bomb instead. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing
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appears to be too many for a single man to shoot consecutively and still get hits. This assassination is still discussed and has started multiple conspiracy theories. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination http://www.juancole.com/images/2012/02/jfk.jpg
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JFK was shot at 12:30 pm while riding in the presidential limousine with his wife and the Governor of Texas, John Connally. The president was riding in a parade of vehicles when assassinated. The concluded assassin was Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald did not get to stand trial because he was assassinated by Jack Ruby before it. After a 10-month investigation it was found that Lee Harvey assassinated the president alone. Most think there was another perpetrator because four shots were fired and that
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This act stopped multiple forms of segregation against blacks. It stopped segregation in workplaces and schools, and it stopped unequal voting applications. This act was signed by President Lyndon B. Jackson. The rights given to blacks were weak at first, but grew more powerful over time. This act is one of the most significant acts in American history. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/resources/uploads/civil_rights_act_1964.gif
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This act was passed to enforce blacks voting rights. It was to stop prevention of voting by race or color. This act stopped unnecessary qualifications to votes such as literacy tests. This act was also signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson and was another huge act in American history. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act http://core-online.org/historyphotos/voting_photo.jpg
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This was a four day riot sparked by police brutality. A suspected car thief was shot by a policeman. After the shooting the SNCC were accused of starting the riot (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.) One person died and twenty more were injured. https://forsyth.angellearning.com/section/content/default.asp?WCI=pgDisplay&WCU=CRSCNT&ENTRY_ID=45410FBEDC974071A31A36365D847171 http://collections.atlantahistorycenter.com/export/get_item_viewer_image.php?alias=/Jenkins&i=41&height=600&width=
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Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee at the motel called the Lorraine. James Earl Ray was charged with the crime. Ray tried multiple times to reverse his guilty plea but never succeeded. At the age of 70 Ray died in prison on April 3, 1998. King was in the middle of getting aid for the black sanitation workers who lived in Tennessee when he was assassinated. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._assassination
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GA schools started to integrate in 1961 but it was an extremely slow process. In an attempt halt the integration process, schools started to integrate grade by grade. 16 years after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling every school was finally integrated. The court order of 1970 was the deciding blow and every school became integrated after it.
http://mgagnon.myweb.uga.edu/students/3090/04SP3090-Jordan.htm http://www.ket.org/kentuckystory/images/ch7a.jpg
