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Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is an active temperance organization that was among the first organizations of women devoted to social reform with a program that "linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity."[1] It was influential in the temperance movement, and supported the 18th Amendment. -
Modernism
A movement toward modifying traditional beliefs in accordance with modern ideas, especially in the Roman Catholic Church in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. -
Alain LeRoy Locke
Alain Leroy Locke was an American writer, philosopher, educator, and patron of the arts. Distinguished as the first African-American Rhodes Scholar in 1907, Locke was the philosophical architect —the acknowledged "Dean"— of the Harlem Renaissance. -
Fundamentalists
Broad movement in Protestantism in the U.S. that tried to preserve what it considered the basic ideas of Christianity against criticism by liberal theologies. It stressed the literal truths of the Bible and creation -
The Conveyor Belt
US factories began to use conveyor belt techniques which greatly increased production. Many workers performed small tasks and added them into a bigger product as it went down the line. -
18th Amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. -
Agricultural failure
During the 1920's with the mechanization of farms food was begining to be overproduced which caused the agriculture market tocrash. -
Movies
The 1920s saw a vast expansion of Hollywood film making and worldwide film attendance. Throughout the decade, film production increasingly focused on the feature film rather than the "short" or "two-reeler." -
Radio
the advent of this provided Americans a new form of entertainment and faster access to national and international news, as well as a venue for advertisers -
Mass advertising
A major contributor to the mass consumerism, this convinced the consumer of the need to purchase new and improved commodities -
Sports
Despite baseball's decline with the Black Sox scandal of 1919 when members of the Chicago White Sox threw the World Series, the sport rebounded in the 1920s, and Babe Ruth became a national icon. Boxing and football also grew. -
Surrealist movement
Inspired by the horrors of war in Europe. Art that didn't make sense or was disturbing -
Lost Generation
Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe -
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished -
Langston Hughes
African American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. -
Claude McKay
Festus Claudius "Claude" McKay was a Jamaican writer and poet, who was a seminal figure in the Harlem Renaissance. -
Election of 1920
The democrats nominated James M. Cox and Franklin D. Roosevelt for his running mate. Republicans chose Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio and Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts. Harding sensed popular longing for calm and won in a landslide victory. -
Esch-Cummins Transportation Act
Also known as the Transportation Act of 1920, this act allowed the government to take over the railroads from Dec 26, 1917 until Mar 1, 1920. -
Installment buying
By the 1920's almost everyone was using installment plans. The installment plan enabled people to buy goods over an extended period of time, without having to put down very much money at the time of purchase. With this plan people could purchase automobile, household appliances, homes, furniture, and other items. -
Economic boom of the 1920's
The USA's world position after the First World War. It was owed money by European countries, it had raw materials in abundance. Its economy was massively more secure than that of any other country's. -
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Italian immigrants who were accused and convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in Massachusetts. Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. Importance=anti immigrant public sentiment. -
Installment Credit
Installment debt is a loan that is repaid by the borrower in regular installments. Installment debt is generally repaid in equal monthly payments that include interest and a portion of principal. -
literary development
the emergence of mass circulation magazines including Saturday Evening Post, Look, Life, Reader's Digest, and Lady's Home Journal. -
Sheppard-Towner Act
Lobbying for child-labor laws as well as worker protection for women and support for education by the Women's Joint Congressional Committee resulted in the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921. This act provided $1.2 million for prenatal and baby-care centers in rural areas. -
Immigration acts of 1921 & 1924
In 1921 Congress limited annual immigration to about 350,000 people annually. In 1924, they limited the number to 164,000 people annually. This also restricted immigration to 2% of the total number of people who lived in the U.S. from their respective country since 1890 and completely rejected the immigration of Asians. -
Bureau of the Budget
Created by the Budget and Accounting Act on June 10, 1921, this act provided for the Bureau to be located in the treasury department with the director appointed by the president. The Bureau provided for a more efficient management of the budget within the treasury department. -
Duke Ellington
An very famous American composer, pianist and bandleader of jazz orchestras. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
A novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. his wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. his novell THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. -
Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms -
Automobile
with Henry Ford's revolutionary use of the assembly line, this item in Model T became accessible to many, including his workers, who were paid $5 per 8 hour day. -
Black Tuesday
Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression (1929-39), the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world up to that time. -
The Great Depression
A time when many Americans lost all of their money. -
Rugged Individualism
The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Popularly said by Hertbert Hoover. -
The Dust Bowl
Years of unsound agriculture practices combined with,Drought during 1930s,Millions of pounds of,topsoil blown away from Texas to Dakotas,Farming nearly impossible ,Hundreds of thousands of farmers migration from Great Plains to West Coast. -
Dust pneumonia
Dust pneumonia describes disorders caused by excessive exposure to dust storms, particularly during the Dust Bowl in the United States. A form of pneumonia, dust pneumonia results when the lungs are filled with dust, inflaming the alveoli. -
Hoover Dam
A large dam built to be used as an energy source and to create jobs during the Great Depression -
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Provided jobs for single males on conservation projects -
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration which President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created in 1933. -
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Public Works Administration, part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. -
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
The Civil Works Administration was a short-lived U.S. job creation program established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to rapidly create manual labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers. -
Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)
Roosevelt declared a bank holiday and closed down all the banks to be inspected. Those that were considered stable could reopen while others that were in financial crisis would remained closed or they could obtained loans if necessary. -
Glass-Steagall Act
Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corportation (FDIC), which protected bank deposits up to $5,000, thus reassuring the Americans that their money were safe -
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Provided money to states to create jobs; it was struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional on the ground that it gave legislative powers to the executive branch and that the enforcement of industry codes within states went beyond the federal government's constitutional powers to regulate interstate commerce -
Federal Securities Act
Required corporations to provide complete information of all stock offerings and made them liable for misrepresentations -
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Raise crop prices by lowering production and paying farmers to leave a certain amount of every acre of land unseeded; declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court on the ground that agriculture is a local matter and thus, the power to regulate agriculture should be given to states rather than federal government. -
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Loaned money at low interest to homeowners who could not meet mortage payments -
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Supervised the stock market and eliminated dishonest practices. -
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Quickly created as many jobs as possible. -
National Youth Administration (NYA)
Provided job training for unemployed young people and part-time jobs for needy students
