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Radio
Advertisers used this to their advantage, often stressing luxury and convenience. Through mediums like radio and print advertisements, consumer culture was more visible than ever before. -
Warren G. Harding's Pro-Business "Normalcy"
By the war's end the American people supported neither Wilson's international commitments nor his domestic interventions into the economy and society. Republican Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio was elected president. Harding, who might best be described as an affable simpleton, campaigned on the simple promise of a "return to normalcy." -
Democratic Writing
The overly formal styles associated with Victorianism were replaced with a more direct, democratic style. In literary circles, disillusionment following World War I caused some writers to focus on the horror and futility of war. Other common themes in 1920s literature included sexuality and the human capacity to seek pleasure and happiness. -
Prohibition
Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcoholic beverages that remained in place -
flapper
A young woman, especially when unconventional or without decorum; particularly associated with the 1920s. -
Consumerism
Consumerism can be thought of as the culture surrounding the buying and selling of products. Consumerism came into its own throughout the 1920s as a result of mass production, new products on the market, and improved advertising techniques. -
The End of Wilsonianism
The Republican politics of the 1920s sprung from the repudiation of Woodrow Wilson. Wilson had never governed with the support of a majority of voters, winning office in 1912 only because two Republicans split the vote by running against each other, -
wartime Food Administration
working to reduce American food consumption. Many Democrats, including FDR, saw him as a potential presidential candidate for their party -
Commerce Secretary,
Hoover created a new government program called “Own Your Own Home,” which was designed to increase the level of homeownership. Hoover jawboned lenders and the construction industry to devote more resources to homeownership, and he argued for new rules that would allow federally chartered banks to do more residential lending. -
African Amercian Hairstyles
The black hairstyle history and techniques originated in Africa. The story of African American hairstyles is as long as the first African slaves were brought to the New World in the early seventeenth century. -
The Roaring Economy of the 1920S
Following the end of World War I, the industrial might of the United States was unleashed for domestic, peaceful purposes. -
Newspapers
The catalog contained literally hundreds of pages featuring products like sewing machines, bicycles, clothing, radios, and just about everything else imaginable. These Advertised different cultures -
War to peace
Within a few short years, an economic shift took place as the economy transitioned from wartime production to peacetime production. -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an African-American cultural movement that spanned the 1920s and 1930s. -
Heyday of the Urban Ethnic Enclave
Despite high rates of repatriation among the New Immigrants as a whole, enough migrants put down roots in America to boost the foreign-born population of the country to record levels. While the vast majority of the population of the United States more than 85%, remained native-born citizens. -
new technologies
New technologies like the automobile, household appliances, and other mass-produced products led to a vibrant consumer culture, stimulating economic growth. -
The Jazz Age
The Jazz Age was the period roughly coinciding with the 1920s (ending with the Great Depression) when jazz music and dance became popular. -
Creativity change
Creativity soared during this time, as writers and artists 'pushed the envelope' by experimenting with new styles and new themes. Art and culture in the 1920s was all about testing the status quo and producing something innovative and dynamic. Themes of sexuality, technology and social progress were prominent in the art and culture of the decade. -
“Black and Blue” in Hot Chocolate
sung by Edith Wilson, a black singer who sang it on stage draped entirely in white. -
Eighteenth Amendment
Eighteenth Amendment went into effect. Federal Prohibition agents (police) were given the task of enforcing the law.Even though the sale of alcohol was illegal, alcoholic drinks were still widely available at "speakeasies" and other underground drinking establishments. -
African American Flappers
African American flappers taking in a college football game, Washington, DC. Circa 1920's. Addison Scurlock Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance was a literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that kindled a new black cultural identity. -
Ernst Hemingway
Hemingway, who witnessed the horrors of World War I firsthand, wrote short stories in a simplified, minimalist style. He lived an adventurous life, and he typically dealt with themes of struggle, courage and loss. -
21st Amendment
At the end of the year, Congress ratified the 21st Amendment and ended Prohibition for good. -
Langston Hughes
The Harlem Renaissance produced its own slew of African-American writers. Among the most well-known was novelist and poet, Langston Hughes. -
separation of church and state
The church due to its legal separation from the state was not formally involved in politics, but took a strong interest in issues like the family, marriage and divorce, prohibition of alcohol, employer-employee relationships, crime and other social issues. -
The Great Migration
The patterns of migration and settlement common to the New Immigrants were in some ways mirrored by those of American blacks. Employment opportunities created by World War I spurred the "Great Migration," the mass movement of African-Americans out of the rural South and into the urban North. -
Religious Fundamentalism
In response to William Jennings Bryan's efforts to ban the teaching of evolution, several leading scientists joined forces with liberal Protestant clergy in the early 1920s to popularize their "modernist" religious views through a series of pamphlets. -
Tennessee Valley Authority Act
law, enabling the federal government to build dams along the Tennessee River that controlled flooding and generated inexpensive hydroelectric power for the people in the region. -
Agricultural Adjustment Act
a United States federal law of the New Deal era which reduced agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops. -
National Industrial Recovery Act
uaranteed that workers would have the right to unionize and bargain collectively for higher wages and better working conditions; it also suspended some antitrust laws and established a federally funded Public Works Administration. -
commodity farmers
farmers who produced things like wheat, dairy products, tobacco and corn to leave their fields fallow in order to end agricultural surpluses and boost prices. -
Silent Cal Coolidge
Harding's replacement, stern New Englander Calvin Coolidge, shared Harding's economic conservatism but not his stench of impropriety. "Silent Cal" Coolidge exhibited zero personal charisma, but his strong reputation for personal respectability helped the Republicans to avoid electoral consequences for Harding's indiscretions. -
Scattered Remnants of the Red Scare: Socialists and Progressives
a crackdown against radicals, socialists, communists, anarchists, foreigners, and trade unionists—Socialist Party candidate Eugene Debs polled more than 900,000 votes, the most ever to date for a third-party presidential candidate. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
F. Scott Fitzgerald, one of the most popular writers of the 1920s, published The Great Gatsby in 1925. The novel deals with issues of decadence and excess and is widely interpreted as a cautionary tale. -
Ford
turned out 9,000 cars a day with a daily profit of some $25,000; average weekly wage for workers was $24. -
Alain Locke
he declared that through art, “Negro life is seizing its first chances for group expression and self determination.” Harlem became the center of a “spiritual coming of age” in which Locke’s “New Negro” transformed “social disillusionment to race pride.” -
Herbert Hoover's Promise: "Triumph Over Poverty"
Hoover had helped to stave off a postwar depression by successfully encouraging leading businessmen voluntarily to pursue policies of growth rather than retrenchment -
The Stock Market
With money to invest, many Americans began buying stock. It was seen as modern, aventure for those who were smart, sophisticated, and urbane. -
Glass-Steagall Banking Bill
usually refers to four provisions of the U.S. Banking Act that limited commercial bank securities, activities, and affiliations within commercial banks and securities firms -
Home Owners’ Loan Act
an Act of Congress of the United States passed as part of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal during the Great Depression to help those in danger of losing their homes -
Great Stock Market Crash
The Wall Street Crash, also known as Black Tuesday and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent -
Overseas Railroad
an extension of the Florida East Coast Railway to Key West, a city located 128 miles (204.8 km) beyond the end of the Florida peninsula. Work on the line and it operated -
Works Progress Administration
This program gave jobs to researchers, writers, and editors. One Floridian writer, Zora Neale Hurston, became a very well known African American author who wrote about growing up in Florida -
Florida businesses
Industries grew and Florida's banking business was becoming stronger. Alfred Du Pont, a wealthy businessman, took control of a few Florida banks and reestablished them -
citrus industry
began to ship fruit to other parts of the country, and by 1939, three airlines scheduled flights into Florida. Because of new roads, businesses, and air flights, tourism started to flourish. -
Dust Bowl
was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US and Canadian prairies severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon. -
Stock Market Crash
stock prices had nowhere to go but up, so there was considerable recovery during succeeding weeks. Overall, however, prices continued to drop as the United States slumped into the Great Depression, stocks were worth only about 20 percent -
drought struck
When drought struck, the soil lacked the stronger root system of grass as an anchor, so the winds easily picked up the loose topsoil and swirled it into dense dust clouds, called “black blizzards.” Recurrent dust storms wreaked havoc, choking cattle and pasture lands and driving 60 percent of the population from the region. -
Civilian Conservation Corps
public work relief program that operated in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal.
