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The Mongols were multiple groups of pastoral nomads who herd sheeps and goats as well as being hunter-foragers in the Gobi Desert
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In some cases, cultural influences served to unify people and provide justification of king's leadership. in addition to this it also help close the gap in intercontinental connectivity and improvements in technology.
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The Mongol conquests help transport the fleas of the Bubonic Plague from South China to Central Asia, Southeast Asia and Europe. The Chinese, at this time, also got their Champa rice to feed their population from the Vietnamese.
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To increase the possibility of trade, Chinese, Persian, and Indian merchants settled in the Silk Roads and expanded their production of textiles and porcelain for export.
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Since most trades existed in the desert environment, the caravan that crossed the Sahara often had thousands of camels not only carrying goods to trade, but also a surplus of water to carry until the next oasis.
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The growth in states like Mecca and Malacca, improvements in maritime technologies, increased demand for specialized products as well as the spread of Islam contributed to the urge to trade along the Indian Ocean
