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Civil Disobedience
This was a book written by Henry David Thoreau. He wrote this with slavery and segregation in mind. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
Conflict arose after the civil war due to white men trying to reestablish a labor force. While freed blacks are seeking economic independence and autonomy. -
Black Codes
The 'Black Codes' were laws passed by Southern states after the cicil war. These laws had the intent to restrict African Americans from their freedom. -
13th Amendment
This amendment secures African Americans right to be free and not enslaved anymore. With this amendment the emancipation proclamation plays a huge role in the process in getting this amendment passed. -
14th Amendment
This specific amendment guaranteed African Americans their citizenship and all of its privileges. -
15th Amendment
This amendment gives African Americans the right to vote, the males at least. It says that the right to vote shall not be taken away or denied due to anybodies race, skin color, religion, or anything else that makes them different from one another. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
During this the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of these state segregation laws. The Court ruled the "separate-but-equal" standard was constitutional. Even though schools were supposed to be equal, most schools in the South were greatly inferior to white ones. -
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality was one of the leading activist organization. They launched the Freedom Riders and the March on Washington. -
Hector P. Garcia
Garcia was an earlier leader for the Chicano Movement. He learned that a local funeral home wasn't allowing Mexican Americans to use it for a soldier killed in war. with finding that out, Hector made the funeral publicized. -
Jim Crow Laws
It got its name because a white minstrel character imitated popular Negro crooning and dancing. These laws were passed by Southern states that had created a racial system. These laws quickly created two very separate societies based on race. Blacks and whites couldn't go to the same schools, the same restrooms, same place to go and eat, or even the same seat on the bus. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court's decision in this case was central to the success of the Civil Rights Movement. This ended segregation in public schools. To overturn Kansas laws to allow both blacks and whites to go to the same school. -
Emmitt Till
Emmitt Till was lynched by two white Mississippi men who claimed that he had whistled at a white woman in a store. His death opened the eyes of many who didn't know what was happening. His lynching was so bad that they couldn't even identify his face. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. She was then taken to jail for her actions which then cause then led up to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott became a thing when Rosa Parks decided that she didn't want to sit in the back with the other blacks so she stayed up front. For this, she was put into jail, so other African Americans decided to boycott all the buses. All buses were empty till the people agreed to end separation on busses. -
Orval Faubus
Orval was one that was involved with the 'Little Rock Nine' case. He was an american politician when this case was formed in Arkansas. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was yet another African American civil rights organization. Martin Luther King Jr played a large role in not only the movement but also being the SCLC first president. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
When Eisenhower was president he sent congress a proposal for civil rights legislation. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the result of said proposal. -
Little Rock Nine
Central High School had enrolled nine African American teenagers to attend school with whites. In order for these nine students to get inside this building or even around the building everyday they had to be escorted by Arkansas National Guard. -
Affirmative Action
All throughout the Civil Rights Movement African Americans were taking affirmative action. They did petitions and all the different cases taken to court that had to do with blacks and or segregation. -
Non-violent Protest
There were many non-violent protests during the civil rights movement. Most in which Martin Luther King Jr were agreeing with and or were in. -
Sit-ins
The most popular sit-in during the civil rights movement was the Woolworth Sit-in, four African American college students and sat down at a spot reserved for whites. They and others that joined would come and sit day after day for five or so months till they owner agreed to serve blacks at its counter. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were created in the CORE organization in which groups traveled on buses and trains into the Deep South. During these trips they protested against segregation in interstate bus terminals. -
Ole Miss Integration
Riots formed on the University of Mississippi in Oxford. They protested the enrollment of a black Air force veteran attempting to come to an all white school. -
Betty Friedan
Betty wrote a book on how woman deserve the same rights as men do and how we can compete for the same jobs. She helped advance the woman's rights movement and one of the founders of National Organization for Woman. -
U of Alabama Integration
African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama and failed. The new governor of Alabama made state troopers block the doors of the enrollment office. -
George Wallace
Wallace was the governor of Alabama. He received national attention when he stood in front of the doors to the University of Alabama to keep two African Americans from going inside. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech to end racism in the United States as a whole. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington took place in Washington D.C during the civil rights movement. This was the day that Martin Luther King Jr gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. This march was done to end segregation so that blacks could be equal to whites and they could go to school together and not have to be separated anymore. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This is a landmark civil rights law that outlaws discrimination based on race , color, religion, basically anything that makes somebody different from somebody else. This ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination. -
Lester Maddox
Lester was for segregation of the African Americans. As a restaurant owner he had the right to refused to serve black people. -
Voting Rights of 1965
This was signed into law by president Lyndon Johnson to overcome legal barriers. He signed it allowing African Americans to vote under the 15th amendment. -
Watts Riot
Riots broke out after two white police officers accused a black motorist of drunken driving. These riots lasted about 5 days, from August 11- August 16. -
Cesar Chavez
One of the leaders of the Chicano Movement. He demanded that wages increased and they had better working conditions. Chavez organized nation-wide consumer boycott of farm products and refused to eat until violence against strikers ended and the law was passed. -
Stokely Carmicheal
Stokely was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He was given the credit for making "Black Power" popular. He was put into jail for his work with the 'Freedom Riders'. -
Black Panthers
The Black Panthers had believed that Martin Luther King Jr' s non-violent campaign had failed so they basically took matters into their own hands and used violence as did the public. They were willing to speak out and to break out into fights if needed to. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was an NAACP attorney and helped with the Brown v. Board of Education case. Won the Brown case in 1954. He was the first African American on the Supreme Court. -
Lynching
Lynching is when a mob of some sort kill somebody, mainly by hanging. One of the most known lynchings is Emmitt Till. Emmitt was killed for talking to a white woman which later we find out that he didn't actual talk to her at all. -
Desegregation
The whole civil rights movement was to end segregation, which is what they did. This is how blacks and whites and hispanics and asians are all able to go to school together now. -
Title IX
Title IX allows everybody to be allowed an education no matter the skin color or the race or even their gender. Everybody is given the same schooling right no matter what the circumstances are.
