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July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence signed
September 17, 1787: Constitution written
December 15, 1791: Bill of Rights ratified -
1869: Transcontinental Railroad Completed
1876: Telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell
13th Amendment: abolished slavery
14th Amendment: citizenship & due process
15th Amendment: voting for all male citizens
Plessy v. Ferguson: legalized segregation, established “separate but equal”
Homestead Act (1862): provided 160 acres to anyone willing to settle on land in the west
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890): outlawed business monopolies -
Rockefeller/Carnegie (Captains of Industry vs. Robber Barons)
Philanthropy
Monopoly
Jane Addams
Laissez-Faire
1889: Hull House founded, first of many settlement houses
1896-1899: Klondike Gold Rush (Alaska) -
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): prohibited immigration of skilled or unskilled Chinese laborers, first US national immigration act
Interstate Commerce Act (1887): ensure railroad set “reasonable and just” rate and the first time government stepped in to regulate business
Dawes Act (1887): gave individual ownership of land to native americans instead of the tribe owning things collectively
Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883): awarded government jobs based on merit -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890): outlawed trusts to promote economic fairness
Meat Inspection Act (1906): law that makes it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): regulation of the preparation of foods and the sale of medicines
Federal Reserve Act (1914): established the Federal Reserve, which helped stabilize the banking industry -
Muckrakers
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
The Great Migration
NAACP
Immigration Issues (Assimilation and Nativism)
906: The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is published
1909: NAACP Founded
1916: National Parks System created
16th Amendment: established the federal income tax
17th Amendment: direct election of U.S. Senators -
Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
Foreign Policy
Immigration Quotas
Yellow Journalism
1898: USS Maine explodes off the coast of Cuba, starting the Spanish American War
1898: Hawaii is annexed as a territory of the United States
1904-1914: Panama Canal Built
Open Door Policy (1899): initiated free trade with China
Roosevelt Corollary (1904): an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
Dollar Diplomacy (1909): Taft’s policy of paying for peace in Latin America -
Alvin York
Homefront
M.A.I.N. (Causes of WWI)
Sussex Pledge
American Expeditionary Forces
President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points (1918): statement of principles for peace after World War I, included no colonialism, freedom of the seas, and a League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles (1919): peace treaty that ended World War I, required Germany to accept full blame and pay war reparations as well as demilitarize -
1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, starting World War I
1915: Sinking of the Lusitania
1917: Zimmerman Telegram intercepted by the British, warned the U.S. of a proposed ally between Mexico and Germany
1917: The United States enters WWI on the Allied side
1917: Bolshevik Revolution in Russia begins, causing Russian troops to exit the war
1918: Battle of Argonne Forest, considered the turning point of the war
1918: Germany surrenders to the Allied Powers -
American Indian Citizenship Act (1924): granted citizenship to any Native Americans born within the United States
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Social Darwinism
The Red Scare
Assembly Line
Return to Normalcy
Harlem Renaissance
1922 Teapot Dome Scandal uncovered by the Wall Street Journal
1925 Scopes Monkey Trial
1927 Charles Lindbergh makes history by making a nonstop solo flight from New York to Paris
18th Amendment: prohibition is enacted and alcohol is illegal
19th Amendment: women are given the right to vote
20th Amendment: adjusted the dates of the presidential terms
21st Amendment: repeals the 18th Amendment and prohibition ends -
Hoovervilles
The New Deal
Causes of the Great Depression (5)
Court Packing
Eleanor Roosevelt
1929: Stock Market Crash
1930-1936: Dust Bowl
1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
1932: Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) established
1933: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) established
1934: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) established
1935: Works Progress Administration (WPA) established -
Social Security Act (1935): established the Social Security Administration, which provides unemployment insurance, aid to the disabled, old age pensions, and insurance for families
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Island Hopping
Liberation of Concentration Camps
Dwight Eisenhower
Douglas MacArthur
Chester W. Nimitz
Navajo Code Talkers
Tuskegee Airmen
Flying Tigers
The Manhattan Project
Rosie the Riveter
1939 Adolf Hitler invades Poland starting WWII
1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor
1942 Battle of Midway
1942 Batan Death March
1944 D-Day Invasion of Normandy
1945 The atomic bomb Little Boy is dropped in Hiroshima August 6th
1945 The atomic bomb Fat Man is dropped in Nagasaki ending World War II August 9 -
Executive Order 9066 (1942): incarceration of Japanese Americans for the duration of WWII
G.I. Bill (1944): gives military veterans financial and educational benefits
Interstate Highway Act (1956): authorized the building of a national highway system -
Containment
Arms Race/Space Race
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Communism
Domino Theory
1945: United Nations formed
1948: Berlin Airlift
1949: NATO established
1950-1953: Korean War
1951: Rosenbergs trial
1952: First H-Bomb detonated by the United States
1955: Jonas Salk invents the Polio Vaccine
1957: USSR launches Sputnik
22nd Amendment: prohibits anyone who has been elected president twice from being elected again -
Truman Doctrine (1947): U.S. policy that gave military and economic aid to countries threatened by communism
Marshall Plan (1948): program to help European countries rebuild after World War II -
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Made discrimination based on race, religion, or national origin in public places illegal and required employers to hire on an equal opportunity basis
Voting Rights Act of 1965: Eliminated literacy tests for voters
Civil Rights Act of 1968: prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of housing
Title IX: protects people from discrimination based on gender in education programs -
Sweatt v. Painter: ruled the separate law school at the University of Texas failed to qualify as “separate but equal”
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated desegregation
Hernandez v. Texas: Mexican Americans and all other races provided equal protection under the 14th Amendment -
1955-1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott after Rosa Parks’ arrest
1957: Little Rock Nine integrated into an all-white school in Little Rock, AK
1961: Bay of Pigs Invasion in Cuba
1961: Berlin Wall built to prevent people from leaving communist East Berlin
1963: Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream Speech” at the March on Washington
1963: John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, TX
1968: Martin Luther King is assassinated
1969: First Man on the Moon
24th Amendment: Abolishes the poll tax -
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
1965 Medicare and Medicaid established
1968 Tet Offensive
1971 Pentagon Papers leaked
1975 Fall of Saigon marks the end of the Vietnam War
26th Amendment moved the voting age from 21 to 18
Tinker v Des Moines: defined the First Amendment rights for students in the United States Public Schools
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964): begins undeclared war in Vietnam
War Powers Act (1973): law limited the President’s right to send troops to battle without Congressional approval -
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