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First Woman to earn a Bachelors Degree
Catherine Brewer becomes the first woman to earn a bachelors degree from Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia. This is important because she blazed the trail for future females while still facing discrimination (US News, 2009). -
National Defense Education Act of 1958
Became one of the most successful legislative initiatives in higher education (Senate, 2017). Was imperitive in providing funding for higher education and people who may not have access due to funding. -
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Legislation passed to make equal pay for gender, race, religion, and national origin. This was not actually geared toward education, but it had an effect on students because after graduation it eliminated discrimination of wages (Rose, 2015). -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Made it illegal to discriminate against students or employees on the basis of race, sex, or national origin (Rose, 2015). This made higher education institutions treat students and employees equally. This impacted Title IX tremendously because it prevented discrimination. -
Lyndon B. Johnson Elected President
Lyndon B. Johnson was important to Higher education and Title ix. Johnson got the ball rolling on prohibiting discrimination, by signing various acts (Rose, 2015). -
Executive Order 11246
The Johnson administration established to regulate federal contractors by prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, race, religion, or national origin in hiring, this also applies to the department of education (Rose, 2015). This was big because it broke the discrimination barrier and paved the way for equality in education. -
Higher Education Act of 1965
Provides financial aid to students seeking higher education. A big part of breaking down the barriers for women in higher education. This legislation had a huge impact on Title IX because financial restrictions for women were lifted. (Kantrowitz, 2017) -
Richard Nixon Elected President
Richard Nixon did a lot for the prohibiting of discrimination in higher education. The election of Nixon as President was extremely impactful on Title IX, as President Nixon signed Title IX (Rose, 2015). -
Title IX of the Education amendments of 1972
Title IX was passed on June 23, 1972. Title IX revolutionized the gender dynamics of higher education (Rose, 2015). This prohibited sex-based discrimination in higher education. -
Title IX regulations are issued in the area of athletics
High schools and colleges were given three years to comply with Title IX, elementary schools one year (King, 2011). This was important because it prohibited discrimination in college athletics. -
NCAA Challenges legality of Title IX
The NCAA unsuccessfully challenges the legality of Title IX in a lawsuit. This is important because it officially prohibited discrimination in Athletics (King, 2011). -
Title IX Guidance
Known as the "Dear Colleague Letter", Stated that one act of sexual violence constitutes a hostile environment (Veracity, 2017). This is important because it shows that the federal government is evolving Title IX as time goes on. -
40th Anniversary of Title IX
The 40th Anniversary of Title IX. Title IX has been huge for higher education, The 40th anniversary of Title IX is a testament to what it has meant to higher education. -
Future Outlook
Title IX has been great for Higher Education. The more we progress as a country the more Title IX will be helpful. There will be times there may need to be amendments in the future, especially as we grow as a country. I wholeheartedly expect Title IX to see another 50 plus years and higher education to continue to improve. -
References (1)
Rose, D. (2015). Regulating Opportunity: Title IX and the Birth of Gender-Conscious Higher Education Policy. Journal Of Policy History, (1), 157. -
References (2)
Historic Firsts in Woman's Education in The United States. (2009, March 11). Retrieved September 17, 2017, from https://www.usnews.com/education/articles/2009/03/11/historic-firsts-in-womens-education-in-the-united-states -
References (3)
Kantrowitz, M. (2017). Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from http://www.finaid.org/educators/reauthorization.phtml -
References (4)
Sputnik Spurs Passage of the National Defense Education Act. (2017, April 17). Retrieved September 17, 2017, from https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Sputnik_Spurs_Passage_of_National_Defense_Education_Act.htm -
References (5)
King, B. (2011, September 13). History of Title IX. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from https://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/advocate/title-ix-issues/history-title-ix/history-title-ix/ -
References (6)
Veracity. (2017). Title IX. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from https://www.knowyourix.org/college-resources/title-ix/
