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Period: to
Timeline of Theorists
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Erasmus Darwin was born
He was on at Newark-on-Trent, United Kingdom. Darwin was very successful physician for more than 50 years in Midlands. He shared views with Jean Vaptiste Lamarck which foreshadowed the modern theory of evolution. Darwin's work was read and commented by his grandson Charles Darwin, a naturalist. He predicted the natural selection in Zoonomia when writing about the "Three objects of desire" (Lust, Hunger and Security) for which every organism desired. -
William Paley was born
Paley was born in Peterborough, England
He was a philosopher and a utilitarian. Paley wrote several books on Christianity and philosophy, they were proved to be very infuential.
Paley believed living organisms were more complicated than watches, design must have a designer. That 'designer' must have been a person. That person meaning its God. In 1802 he first book was published 'Natural Theology' he laid out full exposure to natural theology. -
Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born
He was born in Bazentin, France.
Jean was a french naturalist, he was also a academic and biologist.
Jean interest in botany lead him to publishing a three-volume piece Flore française gained him membership to the French Academy of Sciences in 1779. In 1801 he published a major work on the classifications of invertebrates.
He was a huge inspiration to Charles Robert Darwin, they both had similar beliefs and shared common ideas and theories when it came to evolution - how species survived -
Erasmus' scientific work: Zoonomia
Darwin's most important scientific work, Zoonomia (1794–1796), contains a system of pathology (diagnosis of disease) and a chapter on 'Generation'. (Act of producing offspring) -
John Henslow was born
Rochester, United Kingdom
English clergyman, botanist and geologist.
He was a very close friend and mentor to his pupil Charles Darwin. Henslow was the one who persuaded Darwin to study geology and arrange him to go on a geological trip to North Wales accompanied by Adam Sedgwick. -
Charles Lyell was born
Born in Angus, Scotland. Lyell was a close and influential friend of Charles Darwin Lyell was a famous lawyer and geologist and one pf the most imporant British scientists in history.
His first volume of 'Principles of Geology' was published in 1830. The following volumes were published three years later. Lyell's geological contributions ranged from volanoes and geological dynamics through paleontology and parts of
prehistoric archaeology. -
Lamarck's Publication of 'Biology'
Lamarck published 'Hydrogéologie' he was the one of the first people to use the term 'biology' in its modern sense. He contined his studies/works as a premier authority on invertebrate zoology. Later on that year he published another book which brought out his theory of evolution. His beliefs were that all life was oranized in a vetical chain. Lowests forms and the highest forms of life, demonstrating a line of developments in nature. -
Erasmus Darwin died (Aged. 71)
Breadsall, United Kingdom Resting place: All Saints Church, Breadsall Education: University of Edinburgh Medical School, St John's College, Cambridge, University of Edinburgh he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist and poet. -
Robert Chambers was born
He was born in Peebles, Peeblesshire, Scotland Chambers was a scottish publisher, geologist, evolutionary thinker, author and business partner. Notable works:
Ancient Sea Margins (1848)
Traditions of Edinburgh (1824)
The picture of Scotland (1827) He was the anonymous author of 'Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation' this book was very controversial so his authorship this wasn't acknowledged until he died. Bestiges of Creation (1844) -
William Paley died (Aged. 61)
Died in Bishopwearmouth, England
This man was inherited several thousand pounds from his father and the position the Bishop of London gave him in St Pauls gave him an income that made him one of the wealthiest clergymen in England. In Paley's point of view this was a huge change from his poverty life back in Greenwich.
Charles Darwin read his book Natural Theology during his student years and was convinced by Paley's argument but changed views as time passed. -
Charles Robert Darwin was born
Born in Shrewsbury, United Kingdom
Darwin's exposure to specimens all over the globe rasied important questions.
Unlike Darwin other naturalists believed that ALL species came at the beginning of the world or were just made/created over natural history. In both cases the species were believed to remain the same through time.
However he noticed similarities among species all around the glove. He came to a conclusion that species survived through a process called 'Natural Selection' -
Alfred Wallace was born
Llanbadoc, United Kingdom
Man of many talents: Britist naturalist, explorer, geographer.
He was mostly known as the revolutionary idea of evolution by natural selection entirely independently of Charles Darwin Known as 'father of biogeography' -
Lamarck died (Aged. 85)
Paris, France Often known simply as 'Lamarck' he was a French naturalist. Lamarck's scientific theories were ignored and never won the acceptance of hi colleagues and he died in poverty and obscurity. But people such as Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell and Haeckel acknowledged him as a great zoologist and a forerunner of evolution. -
Voyage of the Beagle: Charles Robert Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin began his voyage of the Beagle that didn't end till the 5 year mark. He spent majority of his time on land looking and investigating geology and natural history collections. He had suffered severley of seasickness but he constantly wrote zoology notes about marine invertebrates. Darwin had an expert knowledge in dissecting marine invertebrates, geology and beetle collecting. Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a huge influence on Charles, his ideas inspired him. -
Continuing Voyage of Beagle
He visited Falkland Islands. From April to July around Maldonado, August to December in Rio Negro and Montevideo. When the Beagle anchored at Sydney from 12 - 30 January 1836, when the Beagle left Australia on the 14th of March he published an account of the voyage 'Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S Beagle' The geographical isolation of Australian fauna and flora gave Darwin some valuable evidence on evolution. -
Charles Darwin: Beagle
Arranges for his 'Beagle' specimens to be identified. He begins publication of 'The Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle (1838-43) He becomes very close with geologist Charles Lyell and in July he opens his first notebook on the transmutation of species. -
Wallace's adventures on the Amazon
Wallace took an adventure with Bates in Brazil at the mouth of the Amazon. Their goal inspired by their enthusiasm for studying nature was to investigate the origin of species in the Amazon. This continued for 4 years and he sailed back to England, and after a near-death experience at sea he still left within ayear and set sail for the Far east. -
Wallace and Darwin
Wallace was on the island of Ternate (now in Indonesia) had a sudden moment of inspiration. He realised how specifies evolved, how they changed to become the strongest and most fittest individuals to survive and reproduce efficiently. Also hwo they would pass their advantageous charactertistics onto their offspring. He soon got into contact with Charles Darwin and they were both on the same page. Darwin was working on that theory for over 20 years. -
John Henslow died (Aged. 65)
Hitcham, United Kingdom Education: University of Cambridge, St John's College, Cambridge During winter Henslow became very ill with a heart condition, he finally knew he wasn't going live much longer so he bid farewell to a lot of people on his bedside. He died after a bronchial attack and his brother-in-law edited a tribute that Darwin contirbuted a chapter on. -
Lyell's three keys: Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
In 1863 he brought together his views on three key themes from the geology of the Quaternary Period of Earth History: glaciers, evolution and the age of the human race. This book was regarded as 'disappointing' due to Lyell's treatment of evolution. Lyell had difficulty reconciling his beliefs with natural selection as he was a devoting Christian. -
Robert Chamber died (Aged. 69)
St Andrews, Fife, Scotland Education: The Highschool, Edinburgh Co-founder and partner of W & R Chambers, Publisher, Edinburgh -
Charles Lyell died (Aged. 72)
Died in Harley Street, United Kingdom Education: Exeter College, Oxford, King's College London, University of Oxford Awards: Copley Medal, Royal Medal Lyell rejected Lamarck's idea of organic evolution and instead proposed 'Centres of Creation' explaining diversity and territory species. He seemed open to the idea of evolution, written in his past letters, -
Charles Robert Darwin died (Aged. 73)
Down House, United Kingdom Education: Shrewsbury School, University of Edinburgh Awards: Copley Medal, Royal Medal, Wollaston Medal -
Wallace died (Aged. 90)
Broadstone, Dorset, England He was s a Britist naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. Awards: Copley Medal, Royal Medal, Linnean Medal -
Eramus's Success in Lichfield
He moved to Lichfiled to try and establish a practice there and briefly after his arrival he cured a young man whose death seemed unavoidable using a novel course of treatment.
