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American Civil War
The American Civil War determined what kind of nation the United States will be. at the end of the war, the United States started a long rebuilding process of a nation free of slavery. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln. the purpose of this was to free over 3 million slaves in the South. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote. -
19th Amendment
This amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. -
Executive Order 9981
Executive Order 9981 was an executive order by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
It was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Murder of Emmet Till
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old black boy murdered for whistling at a white woman. The judge of this case verdict that the murderers were not guilty. -
Rosa Parks refuses to move to the back of the bus
In Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to obey the bus driver's order to give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled. She was then arrested. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine black students enrolled at all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957, testing a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement, became one of the movement’s more radical branches. -
Attack on freedom riders
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961. They were attacked by people that believed in white supremacy. -
James Meredith attends university
James Meredith is a civil rights activist who became the first African-American to attend the University of Mississippi. -
The Birmingham campaign
The Birmingham campaign was a movement organized in early 1963 to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. Confrontations between young black students and white civic authorities eventually led the municipal government to change the city's discrimination laws. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and demanded civil and economic rights for African Americans. -
Birmingham church bombing
a bomb exploded at the Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama–a church with a predominantly black congregation. Four young girls were killed: Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson and Addie Mae Collins. -
24th Amendment
the 24th amendment prohibited any poll tax (not long ago, citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election) in elections for federal officials. -
Mississippi Civil Rights' workers' murder
In Neshoba County, Mississippi, three civil rights workers Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner and James Chaney were abducted and murdered. They had been working with the "Freedom Summer" campaign by attempting to register African-Americans in the southern states to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Assassination of Malcom X
In New York City, Malcolm X, an African American nationalist and religious leader, is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity. -
Black Panthers
The Black Panther Party (BPP) was founded. It was a Black political organization; originally known as the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. -
Loving vs. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia388 U.S. 1 is a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court, which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.The case was brought by Mildred Loving, a black woman, and Richard Loving, a white man, who had been sentenced to a year in prison in Virginia for marrying each other. -
"I've Been to the Mountaintop"
"I've Been to the Mountaintop" is the popular name of the last speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. King spoke on April 3, 1968, at the Mason Temple in Memphis. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
James Earl Ray began plotting the assassination of revered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in early 1968. He shot and killed King in Memphis, confessing to the crime the following March. -
Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools.
