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The first special education programs were provided for children who lived in urban areas. "At risk" children were able to learn carpentry, metal work, sewing, cooking, drawing, and social values in manual classes.
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The case began when children from 4 different states argued that segregated public schools were being unfair and deprived them of equal protection of the laws. After the case closed, parents of children with disabilities started to sue their school districts for excluding and segregating their children and being discriminatory against them.
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ESEA was enacted to help provide resources to those who lacked the educational opportunities for underprivileged children due to inequality. This program was later replaced since it was found to not significantly improve the education of children with disabilities.
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In the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ruling, students with disabilities are to be placed in publicly funded schools that met their individual educational needs after proper and thorough evaluation.
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This was also known as The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. This was mainly so that all children with disabilities would have a right to education.
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Public Law 99-457 (an amendment to the All Handicapped Children Act) required individual states to provide services to families of children born with disabilities from their birth, instead of until they turned three years old.
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IDEA was previously the Education for all Handicapped Children's Act. All students were to be provided with access to the same curriculum. Also, states were allowed to expand the age range of "developmental delay" from birth-5 years to also include children aged between 6 and 9 years old.
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The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was amended again and renamed. It was required that special education teachers are to be highly qualified in order to improve outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction. The purposes was to provide an education that meets children's unique needs, prepare children for further education, employment, independent living, and protect the rights of families of children with disabilities.
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This was the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which was formerly known as the No Child Left Behind Act. They removed requirements for highly qualified teachers.
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