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A noted social reformer, Dix became the Union's Superintendent of Female Nurses during the Civil War 1861.
She also authorized a dress code of modest black or brown skirts and forbade hoops or jewelry. -
In 1873, Richards was the first professionally trained American nurse. She is credited with establishing nurse training programs and is also recognized for creating the first system for keeping individual medical records for hospitalized patients.
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Known as the "Angel of the Battlefield she was the founder and President of the American Red Cross, which was founded on May 21, 1881.
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She was one of the founders of modern American nursing theory, and an important leader in nursing history. During her career she served as President of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses, which is now known as the National League for Nursing, and of the organization that became the American Nurses Association. She was also a founder of the American Journal of Nursing.
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An advocate of legislation to control nursing practice, and is also remembered for her outstanding contributions to nursing literature. She was a devoted suffragette and political activist.
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Her very name is synonymous with the advancement of minorities in nursing. As America’s first professionally trained black nurse, Mahoney (1845-1926)
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She is known for her role in helping to legalizing birth control and making it universally available for women.
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She became the chief inspecting nurse for the UA Army and was also founder of the Yale School of Nursing and its first dean in 1923
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In 1925 she established the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) to provide professional healthcare in Appalachian mountain regions of KY.
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Organized Alabama’s first unit of Cadet Nurses Corps. She was also appointed in 1943 to the States Board of Nurses' Examiners and Registration and helped establish accreditation for Alabama’s first 4 year college the University of Alabama.
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She is known as the "mother of psychiatric nursing," She emphasized the nurse-client "relationship" as the foundation of nursing practice and published her seminal work “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing” in 1952.
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In 1959, Dorothea Orem created the Orem Model of Nursing. The Orem Model of Nursing is also known as the 'Self Care' Model of Nursing with a philosophy that all "patients wish to care for themselves". In simplest terms, the model states that nurses have to provide care for patients who cannot take care for themselves anymore.
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She is best known for developing the Science of Unitary Human Beings and her landmark book, An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing in 1970.
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In 1974, she was the founder of Transcultural Nursing, which was a program she created at The University of Washington. She also founded the Journal of Transcultural Nursing which supported research about the Transcultural Nursing Society.
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She founded the Center for Human Caring in Colorado and published the Philosphy and Science of Caring. Jean Watson was a former Dean and a Professor of Nursing at The University of Colorado's Nursing School.
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She is also known for the famous definition of nursing, "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge.
