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469 BCE
Socrates (469-399 BC)
Socrates was a Greek Philosopher from Athens in which he believed in an ethical system that is based in human logic and reasoning. He developed the Socrates' Philosophical Method in which the ultimate goal of this method is always being ethical for he believes that if one knows what the true essence of good is, one will always do what is good. -
428 BCE
Plato (428-348 BC)
Plato is an Athenian Philosopher in Classical period of Ancient Greece. He is one of the greatest philosophers of the world and is viewed as the most important Philosopher of Western Civilization by many scholars. Plato maintains a virtue-based eudemonistic conception of ethics just like other philosophers, for he believed that happiness and moral well-being is the highest aim of moral thought and conduct and virtues are the requisite dispositions and skills needed to attain it. -
384 BCE
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath in the Classical period of Ancient Greece and was a student of Plato. He believed that virtue is practical and the purpose of ethics is to simply find the ultimate purpose of life and demonstrate its emphasis on teleology. Also ,Aristotle claims that the right course of action depends on the details of a particular situation, rather than being merely by applying the law. -
Moral Positivism- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Thomas Hobbes is an English Philosopher which is considered to be one of the founders of the modern political philosophy. He believed that humans are basically selfish creatures who would do everything to improve their current position. Hobbes' Moral Positivism anticipates that there will be chaotic outcome if the laws are not abided. Hence, the creation of laws and ordinances that their subjects will accept and follow are important to maintain the peace of countries. -
Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham (1806-1873) & John Stuart Mill (1748-1832)
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines the right from wrong by focusing on the outcome. The word utilitarian is derived from the Latin words utile bonum or utilis which means usefulness. This aspect suggests that actions are good for the greatest well-being of the society which in business, the management will give incentives and benefits to its employees if it improve its well-being or promotes happiness in his fellow employees.
