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Age segregation in schools
Before the 1950’s students of all ages were taught together in one-room schoolhouses but, in other countries, students were separated by age. “Age grading” of students began in Massachusetts in 1848. This method demonstrated to be so successful that it quickly became the standard in public education across the United States. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was 1 /8 black and 7/8 white so he had to ride a “blacks only” train car. in 1896 He decided to ride in a “whites only” train and was arrested for violating the law. He sued on the basis that the law was unconstitutional under the 14th amendment. A Louisiana judge ruled against Plessy. Later the Supreme Court also ruled against Plessy and determined whites and black were “separate but equal”; thus allowing segregation and discrimination based on skin color. -
Indian Citizenship Act
The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted full U.S. citizenship to Native Americans, called "Indians" in this Act. While the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution defined as citizens any person born in the U.S., the amendment did not grant citizenship to Native Americans. The act was signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge. It was signed largely due to the fact that the thousands of Native Americans served in the armed forces during World War I. -
Harvard University
Harvard was founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the college became home to British North America's first known printing press. In 1639 the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard, who was a graduate of the University of Cambridge. It offered a classic curriculum on the English university model. -
The G.I. bill
President Roosevelt passed a law that provided educational benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II and had been honorably discharged. It gave thousands of working class men college scholarships for the first time in U.S. history. Benefits included payments of tuition and living expenses to attend high school, college or vocational school, low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda brown had to walk a mile to attend a black’s only school even though she lived very close to a white school. Her father requested that she be allowed to attend the white school, but his request was denied. her father and group of parents challenged the “separate but equal” ruling that allowed segregation in schools. A unanimous decision (9-0) was reached and segregation in schools K-12 was ended by the Supreme Court ruling. It was declared unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Native American languages outlawed in schools by congress
Congress makes it illegal for Native Americans to be taught in their native languages. Native children as young as four years old are taken from their parents and sent to Bureau of Indian Affairs off-reservation boarding schools to be educated. -
the Higher Education Act of 1965
The law was part of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society domestic agenda. The law was created to promote higher education and provide financial assistance for students seeking a degree. It increased federal funds given to universities, created scholarships, gave low-interest loans for students, and founded a National Teachers Corporation. -
Title IX
In the past It was thought that women needed to fulfill roles such as that of a teacher, nurse, or secretary, not athletes. In 1972 congress passed the Title IX to protect girls from discrimination.The athletic opportunities for males and females had to be equal. School officials had to take into consideration what sports interested girls and offer them athletic opportunities accordingly. The equipment, locker rooms, medical services, and facilities had to be the same for both sexes. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, now known as I.D.E.A. public schools must provide specialized education for students with eligible disabilities from birth to age 21. The law states that schools must create an individualized education plan for each special education child. Children with special needs must also be educated in the least restrictive environment possible and have the same access to education as their fellow peers. -
plyler v. doe
Plyer argued that illegal immigrants could not claim protection under the 14th amendment and that schools could not give free public education to undocumented students. The school district attempted to charge illegal immigrants $1,000 tuition fee for each illegal immigrant student.The state court sided on the plaintiff, but the state of Texas took the case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled that undocumented students could not be denied free public education. -
California Proposition 187
The law prohibit illegal aliens from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in California. Voters passed the proposed law. The law was challenged in a legal suit. It was deemed unconstitutional by a federal district court. Opponents believed the law was discriminatory against illegal immigrants of Hispanic or Asian origin. On the other hand supporters argued that the state could not use public funding on illegal immigrants.
