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August 23 Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia sign a mutual non-aggression pact. The agreement is signed by German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and Josef Stalin's commissar of foreign affairs, V. M. Molotov.
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German troops and aircraft attack Poland. Soviet troops will invade Poland from the east on September 17, and Poland will surrender to the Germans on September 27.
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After Hitler ignores their demand for German withdrawal from Poland, and as the British ship Athenia is sunk by German U-boats off the coast of Ireland, Great Britain and France formally declare war on Germany.
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September 28 Poland is partitioned between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia
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March 18 Mussolini and Hitler announce Italy's formal alliance with Germany against England and France.
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May 7 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin resigns in disgrace. He will be replaced by Winston Churchill on May 10.
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January 30. The U.S. government issues its first Social Security checks, totaling just over $75,000.
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August 17 Germany declares a blockade of British waters, and begins a bombing campaign which, by September, will be killing hundreds each day. In November, German air raids will kill more than 4,500 Britons.
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January 6 Contrary to widespread isolationist sentiment, President Roosevelt recommends a "Land-Lease" program that will provide U.S. aid to the Allies.
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Greece and Yugoslavia are invaded by German troops.
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Britain receives its first American "Lend-Lease" aid shipments of food. By December, millions of tons of food will have arrived from the U.S.
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January 1, 1942 - Declaration of the United Nations signed by 26 Allied nations.
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January 13, 1942 - Germans begin a U-boat offensive along east coast of USA.
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January 26, 1942 - First American forces arrive in Great Britain.
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July 22, 1943 - Americans capture Palermo, Sicily.
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July 24, 1943 - British bombing raid on Hamburg.
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January 6, 1944 - Soviet troops advance into Poland.
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February 15-18 - Allies bomb the monastery at Monte Cassino.
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May 23, 1945 - SS-Reichsführer Himmler commits suicide; German High Command and Provisional Government imprisoned.
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July 26, 1945 - Atlee succeeds Churchill as British Prime Minister.
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August 14, 1945 - Japanese agree to unconditional surrender.
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October 24, 1945 - United Nations is born.