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These images were imprinted on a rotating glass plate (later, paper roll film), and Marey subsequently attempted to project them. Like Muybridge, however, Marey was interested in deconstructing movement rather than synthesizing it, and he did not carry his experiments much beyond the realm of high-speed, or instantaneous, series photography
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. During that time, Muybridge was employed by Gov.
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Marey invented the chronophotographic gun, a camera shaped like a rifle that recorded 12 successive photographs per second, in order to study the movement of birds in flight.
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Before the invention of photography, a variety of optical toys exploited this effect by mounting successive phase drawings of things in motion on the face of a twirling disk (the phenakistoscope, c. 1832) or inside a rotating drum
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The French physiologist Étienne-Jules Marey took the first series photographs with a single instrument in 1882; once again the impetus was the analysis of motion too rapid for perception by the human eye. Marey invented the chronophotographic gun, a camera shaped like a rifle that recorded 12 successive photographs per second, in order to study the movement of birds in flight
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Then, in 1839, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, a French painter, perfected the positive photographic process known as daguerreotypy, and that same year the English scientist William Henry Fox Talbot successfully demonstrated a negative photographic process that theoretically allowed unlimited positive prints to be produced from each negative.
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The illusion of motion pictures is based on the optical phenomena known as persistence of vision and the phi phenomenon
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Crystal radios allowed many people to join the radio craze in the 1920s because they were easy to make from home. xMany boys' magazines encouraged young boys to make their own radios, and included step-by-step instructions for the crystal radio.
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There would be no true motion pictures, however, until live action could be photographed spontaneously and simultaneously
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Crystal radios, like the one at left, were among the first radios to be used and manufactured. These radios used a piece of lead galena crystal and a cat whisker to find the radio signal.
