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14th Ammendment
This amendment was on 9 July 1868, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to former slave issues. -
Plessy v Ferguson
1896 this happened on may 18th 1896 and was a landmark constitutional case based on upholding racial segregation laws for public facilities -
Riots in Chi
1919, 38 people died. Came from a black man being stoned by a mad white man by the beach. This started conflict between the whites and blacks. Riots struck and finally ended on August 3rd. -
Executive Order 9981
28 July 1948 issued on july 26, 1948. By U.S. president Harry S. Truman to abolish racial segregation, to create equal rights for blacks. -
Brown vs. Board
1954- argued on december 9th, 1954. Argued against blacks being allowed in white schools and to have public schools and black schools be separate and not mixed. -
Emmit Till
August 1955- died august 28th, 1955 at the age of 14 by lynching. Was killed for being falsely accused of flirting with a white women. -
Montgomery bus boycott
1955, december 5th-20th. A public protest against racial segregation. Was done on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama -
SCLC
1957 This was an african american civil rights association that closely associated themselves with martin luther king. They relied on him to lead them to getting equal rights. They marched in many places and did whatever it took to get their rights and point across. -
Little Rock HS
1957- Little rock central HS- Under escort of the U.S.’s airborne army division, 9 black students entered an all white student school in Arkansas. Arkansas was one of the most progressive states and the supreme court declared the education was being unconstitutional because they didn’t accept black students. -
Feb 1960- NC sit in by 4 students
Early that year, a non-violent protest by young African-American students at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, sparked a sit-in movement that soon spread to college towns throughout the region. Though many of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate and lasting impact, forcing Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies. -
1961- Freedom riders
The Freedom Riders, who were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a U.S. civil rights group, departed from Washington, D.C., and attempted to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the Deep South. African-American Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters, and vice versa. The group encountered tremendous violence from white protestors along the route, but also drew international attention to their cause. -
1962- James Meredith
In late September 1962, after a legal battle, an African-American man named James Meredith attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Chaos briefly broke out on the Ole Miss campus, with riots ending in two dead, hundreds wounded and many others arrested, after the Kennedy administration called out some 31,000 National Guardsmen and other federal forces to enforce order. -
June 1963- University of Alabama
George Wallace, one of the most controversial politicians in U.S. history, was elected governor of Alabama in 1962 under an ultra-segregationist platform. In his 1963 inaugural address, he promised his white followers: “Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!” When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama in -
1963- Letters from Birmingham Jail
Dr. King was arrested and sent to jail for protesting segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. After reading an open letter from eight white clergymen in the local newspaper criticizing him and his fellow activists, MLK decided he might as well write back to let them know what was on his mind. Enter: letter to the editor. -
I have a dream
Aug 28, 1963- I have a dream- MLK was in DC and speaking and he said that one day he hopes that all men from all walks of life can life together. 250,000 people attended the speech. -
September 15, 1963- birmingham bombing
Even as the inspiring words of Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous “I Have a Dream” speech rang out from the Lincoln Memorial during the historic March on Washington in August of 1963, racial relations in the segregated South were marked by continued violence and inequality. On September 15, a bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama -
Civil Rights Act
1964- Civil Right Acts- This law forbids discrimination and equal voter registration. -
1964- Freedom Summer
In 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organized a voter registration drive, known as the Mississippi Summer Project, or Freedom Summer, aimed at dramatically increasing voter registration in Mississippi. -
Selma to Montgomery
1965- Selma to Montgomery- Martin Luther King lead a march of thousands of people into montgomery, the capital of Alabama. This march was conducted of nonviolent black people to obtain voting rights in the south. -
Watts Riots
Aug 1965- Watts Riots- Took place in LA on Aug 11, a small argument turned into a fight. All of these riots caused $40 million in damages -
1965- E. order 11246-
Executive Order 11246, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24, 1965, established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors. It "prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000. -
1966 Black Panther
1966 Black Panthers- This was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist party formed in 1966 challenged police brutality. The black panthers insulted many programs and challenged them, like the free breakfast for children. -
Detroit race riots-
1967- Detroit race riots- This started on 12th street as a public disturbance. There was a police raid on on an unlicensed bar. People were angry at the police and began to riot and it turned into one of the deadliest protest in American history. -
April 4, 1968- MLK
April 4, 1968- MLK- Martin Luther King was in memphis Tennessee and got shot while standing on a balcony. Martin Luther King was at a sanitation worker’s strike and got shot in the jaw, severing his spine. -
1968- Civil Rights Act
1968- Civil Rights Act- This gave equal housing opportunity to anybody regardless of race or religion
