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Period: 1567 to
Claudio Monteverdi
•Trained in the Renaissance style, also adept at composing “modern” music
•Used dissonances in his music (madrigals) for text expression
•Seconda prattica: monody with dissonance – very expressive -
Period: to
Francesca Caccini
•Soprano and the daughter of Giulio Caccini
•The first woman to compose operas!!!
•Sang lead roles in several early operas: Sung in Peri’s opera Euridice at age 13
•Composed balli, intermezzi, and sacred opera among other vocal works -
Period: to
Early Baroque
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Period: to
Opera Invented
Jacopo Peri and Giulio Caccini invented opera in Florence, Italy around 1600. First opera: Dafne (1597) composed by Giulio Caccini and Jacopo Peri. First extant opera, also by Caccini and Peri: Euridice (1600). -
Period: to
Monody
•The new Baroque style of singing with just a solo voice and basso continuo
•The texture is homophonic (melody with accompaniment)
•The “new style” as opposed to the older Renaissance choral style of polyphony
•This is the first time in music history that homophonic melodies were favored in notation and in practice -
Period: to
Barbara Strozzi
●Studied under Francesco Cavalli at the Accademia degli Unisoni – founded by Giulio for Barbara
●Published eight sets of songs – the first in 1644
●Each set dedicated to a different wealthy patron
● Poets wrote for her
● Did not write opera but her songs and cantatas are very dramatic -
Period: to
First Public Opera Theater
Opened in Venice. -
Period: to
Louis the 14th of France
King of France -
Period: to
Arias
Aria: an extended piece for a solo singer that has more elaboration and coherence than recit. •More song-like
•Had a steady beat and tempo
•Formally structured; could be analyzed Became the most desired and appreciated pieces. -
Period: to
The Coronation of Poppea
Composed when he was 75: the genre was about 40 years old
•Early operas based on mythology – this is historical •Premiered in Venice (1642) -
Period: to
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
•Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist
•Lived in Salzburg
•One of the most important composers for the violin, especially in the instrument’s early years
•Catholic sacred music, violin sonatas, and ensemble music -
Period: to
Middle Baroque
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Period: to
Arcangelo Corelli
Italian Composer -
Period: to
Henry Purcell
Singer, organist, composer of instrumental and vocal music
•Worked in the court of Charles II (reigned 1660-85) when stage plays were again allowed
•Dido and Aeneas (1689)
• Purcell assimilated the musical styles of Europe:
• Italian operatic style
• Grand aspects of French music
• The lyric melodic quality of English song -
Period: to
Alessandro Scarlatti
•The father of composer
Domenico Scarlatti
•A teacher in Naples; many of
his students helped create
the new classical style
•His death marks a better indicator of the end of the Baroque than does Bach’s in 1750 -
Period: to
Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre
She was called “the wonder of our century.”
•The 17th century: French -
Period: to
François Couperin
French Composer -
Period: to
Biber: Sonata No. 1
•Mid-Baroque violin sonata
•The opening Praeludium is for violin and basso continuo; the violin part uses a virtuosic style similar to that of solo vocal singing -
Period: to
Antonio Vivaldi
Music director at the Pieta, an orphanage for girls in Venice
•Composed many operas, much sacred music, and many instrumental works
•Popular during the height of his career (1720s) •Wrote nearly 800 concertos of various types:
•60 ripieno concertos
•425 concerto grosso types
•350 solo concertos
•45 double concertos (mostly for 2 violins) •Considered the greatest master of the Baroque concerto -
Period: to
Jean-Joseph Mouret
•One representative composer from this French court: served the son of King Louis XIV
•Composed operas, suites, and “grand divertissements [entertainments]”
•Some of his works have been used for TV commercials and in other media Suite de symphonies (1729) -
Period: to
Domenico Scarlatti
•Keyboard virtuoso
•Served Portuguese and
Spanish royal families
•Had a progressive style; aware of his modern flare
•Wrote over 500 sonatas for harpsichord, operas, cantatas, and keyboard exercises -
Period: to
G. F. Handel
Orchestral Suite. •Two very popular orchestral suites:
•Music for the Royal Fireworks
(often referred to as just Fireworks)
•Water Music •A German composer living in England writing Italian music -
Period: to
J. S. Bach
•Contrapunctus 1 from The Art of Fugue (1749)
•He wrote this collection at the end of his life, and it was not published (1751) until after his death (1750) •Bach is undisputedly the greatest master of the fugue •Bach’s most important fugal contributions:
•A collection of preludes and fugues issued in two volumes:
•“Well-tempered:” the new system of equal temperament they were experimenting with
•The Art of Fugue
•This was left unfinished at the time of his death -
Period: to
Georg Philip Telemann
German Composer. •Telemann was extraordinarily prolific
•Composed more than 125 orchestral suites
•Helped establish the French-style orchestral suite in Germany
•Published a collection called “Tafelmusik” (1733)
•Friends with J. S. Bach and the godfather of Bach’s eldest son, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-88), an important composer of the 18th century -
Period: to
Late Baroque
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Period: to
Le Quattro stagioni
•The Four Seasons
•Cycle of four violin concertos
•Word painting in instrumental music
•Each concerto is accompanied by a poem that we believe he wrote -
Period: to
Equal Temperament
An adjusted (tempered) tuning: all half steps are an equal distance apart. It is actually mistuning every step except the octave.