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First exposition of the rocket equation based on Newton's third law of motion: Treatise on the Motion of Rockets
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Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (GIRD) launches the first Soviet liquid-fueled rocket
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First space research flight (cosmic radiation experiments)
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First U.S.-designed rocket to reach edge of space (80 km (49 mi))
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First animals in space (fruit flies)
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First intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
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First animal in orbit, the dog Laika
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First firing of a rocket in Earth orbit
First reaching Earth escape velocity or Trans Lunar Injection
First detection of solar wind -
First artificial satellite to reach the Moon vicinity and first artificial satellite in heliocentric orbit
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First photos of far side of the Moon
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First Reusable manned spacecraft (orbital)
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First photograph of the whole solar system[2]
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First mission into the atmosphere of a gas giant (Jupiter)
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First soft landing on Titan
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Kepler Mission is launched, first space telescope designated to search for Earth-like exoplanets[3]