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  First exposition of the rocket equation based on Newton's third law of motion: Treatise on the Motion of Rockets
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  Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (GIRD) launches the first Soviet liquid-fueled rocket
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  First space research flight (cosmic radiation experiments)
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  First U.S.-designed rocket to reach edge of space (80 km (49 mi))
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  First animals in space (fruit flies)
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  First intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
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  First animal in orbit, the dog Laika
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  First firing of a rocket in Earth orbit
 First reaching Earth escape velocity or Trans Lunar Injection
 First detection of solar wind
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  First artificial satellite to reach the Moon vicinity and first artificial satellite in heliocentric orbit
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  First photos of far side of the Moon
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  First Reusable manned spacecraft (orbital)
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  First photograph of the whole solar system[2]
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  First mission into the atmosphere of a gas giant (Jupiter)
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  First soft landing on Titan
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  Kepler Mission is launched, first space telescope designated to search for Earth-like exoplanets[3]