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Thomas Kuhn was born in 1922 and began studying physics at the age of 18. His intention was to be a civil engineer. He did succeed in this endeavor, and eventually worked as a civilian contractor who designed radar systems with the Army air Corps.
Hufbauer, Karl. “From Student of Physics to Historian of Science: T.S. Kuhn’s Education and Early Career, 1940–1958.” Physics in Perspective, vol. 14, no. 4, SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel, 2012, pp. 427–32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-012-0098-5 -
Upon the end of World War II, Kuhn shifted his interest from Physics to History of Science. His knowledge of the history of science led him to have a unique insight into the way science works, which led him to become a philosopher and a professor. Hufbauer, Karl. “From Student of Physics to Historian of Science: T.S. Kuhn’s Education and Early Career, 1940–1958.” Physics in Perspective, vol. 14, no. 4, SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel, 2012, pp. 427–32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-012-0098-5
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Thomas Kuhn releases the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions where he uses his unique knowledge of the history of science to describe paradigm shifts, and more importantly scientific revolutions. A paradigm shift is when one scientific theory is found to be obsolete and is replaced by a more accurate theory.
Kuhn, Thomas. “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.” WWW.lri.fr, University of Chicago, 1962, pp.77-78, https://www.lri.fr/~mbl/Stanford/CS477/papers/Kuhn-SSR-2ndEd.pdf. -
Unfortunately, it is hard to describe the entire book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions using this medium, but the main theme of the book is how scientific revolution is a response to a crisis within a given field of science. A more complete synopsis can be found in this video:
“The Structure of Scientific Revolutions- Thomas Kuhn” YouTube. Uploaded by The Living Philosophy. Uploaded 21 Nov, 2021. https://youtu.be/C99X-Ye-GB0 -
Thomas Kuhn is likely the most notable philosopher of science from the 20th century. The paradigm steps that were outlined in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions became a framework for scientific revolutions throughout history. Thomas Kuhn passed away in 1996, however his work will be ever present in the minds of scientific philosophers for years to come.