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Bento Mussolini
Benito Mussolini created the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919, eventually making himself dictator prior to World War II.who went by the nickname “Il Duce” (“the Leader”), was an Italian dictator who created the Fascist Party in 1919 and eventually held all the power in Italy as the country’s prime minister from 1922 until 1943. An ardent socialist as a youth, Mussolini followed in his father's political footsteps but was expelled by the party for his support of World War I. -
Adolf Hitler
n German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945) Synonyms: Der Fuhrer, Hitler Example of: dictator, potentate. a ruler who is unconstrained by law. German Nazi, Nazi. a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party.Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was one of the most powerful and infamous dictators of the 20th century. After World War I, he rose to power in the National Socialist German Workers Party, taking control of the German government in 1933. -
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. -
Marchant Mariens
American Merchant Marine Men and Ships in World War II. Merchant mariners were on the front lines the moment their ships left U.S. ports, and were subject to attack by bombers, kamikaze, battleships, submarines, mines, and land-based artillery. -
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Manhattan Project
The agencies leading up to the Manhattan Project were first formed in 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, after U.S. intelligence operatives reported that scientists working for Adolf Hitler were already working on a nuclear weapon.The Manhattan Project was the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during World War II. The controversial creation and eventual use of the atomic bomb engaged some of the world’s leading scientific minds. -
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Atomic Bomb
a bomb whose potency is derived from nuclear fission of atoms of fissionable material with the consequent conversion of part of their mass into energy. -
Fly Tigers
1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Chinese Air Force; trained in Burma before the American entry into World War II with the intention of defending China against Japanese forces. -
Vernon Baker
In 1941, Vernon Baker was assigned to the segregated 270th Regiment of the 92nd Infantry Division, the first black unit to go into combat in WWII. Baker, one of the most decorated black soldiers in the Mediterranean Theater, earned a Purple Heart, Bronze Star and Distinguished Service Cross. In 1996, he was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.Vernon Joseph Baker (December 17, 1919 - July 13, 2010) was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the highest military award. -
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Navajo Code Talkers
The Navajo Code Talkers were treated with the utmost respect by their fellow marines. Major Howard Connor, who was the signal officer of the Navajos at Iwo Jima, said, “Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.” Cpl.As the war progressed, more than 400 Navajos were eventually recruited as Code Talkers. -
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Hideki Tojo
· jo. (tō′jō′), Hideki Originally Tojo Eiki. 1884-1948. Japanese army officer and prime minister of Japan (1941-1944) who ruled as a dictator during World War II and was executed as a war criminal.n Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II; he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948) Synonyms: Tojo Eiki, Tojo Hideki Example of: dictator, potentate. -
Battle of Midway
Six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. Thanks in part to major advances in code breaking, the United States was able to preempt and counter Japan’s planned ambush of its few remaining aircraft carriers, inflicting permanent damage on the Japanese Navy. An important turning point in the Pacific campaign, the victory allowed the United States and its allies to move into an offensive position -
George Patton
George Patton. BrE. (1885-1945) a senior US Army officer during World War II. His popular name was 'Old Blood and Guts'. After D-Day General Patton led the US 3rd Army rapidly through France and into Germany. George Patton was born in San Gabriel, California on November 11, 1885. Considered one of the most successful combat generals in U.S history, he was the first officer assigned to the Tank Corps in WWI. -
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Executive Order 9066
The West Coast was divided into military zones, and on February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 authorizing exclusion. Congress then implemented the order on March 21, 1942, by passing Public Law 503.On this day in 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, initiating a controversial World War II policy with lasting consequences for Japanese Americans. -
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Bataan Death March
After the April 9, 1942, U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II (1939-45), the approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps. The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by Japanese guards. Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death March. -
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Office of War Information
This agency formulated and implemented information programs to promote, in the United States and abroad, understanding of the status and progress of the war effort and of war policies, activities, and aims of the U.S. government. Most of the records date from 1942 to 1945, although there are some files of predecessor agencies such as the Office of Facts and Figures and the Office of Emergency Management. -
Omar Bradley
Omar Bradley was born on February 12, 1893, in Clark, Missouri. In 1915, he graduated from West Point. Under General George S. Patton, he captured Bizerte, Tunisia in 1943, which led to the surrender of more than 250,000 Axis troops. As a commander in World War II, he planned and participated in the Normandy Invasion.was the most senior commander of American ground troops in Europe from the time of D-Day to the surrender of the Germans after the Battle of Berlin in May 1945. -
Korematsu v. U.S.
On May 30, 1942 about six months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the FBI arrested him for failure to report to a relocation center. After his arrest, while waiting in jail, he decided to allow the American Civil Liberties Union to represent him and make his case a test case to challenge the constitutionality of the government’s order. he was tried in federal court in San Francisco, convicted of violating military orders issued under Executive Order 9066, given five years on probation -
D-Day invasion
D-Day definition. The code name for the first day of a military attack, especially the American and British invasion of German-occupied France during World War II on June 6, 1944 (see invasion of Normandy). This marked the beginning of the victory of the Allies in Europe.In fact, it does not stand for anything. The “D” is derived from the word "Day". The term "D-Day" has been used for many different operations, but it is now generally only used to refer to the Allied landings in Normandy. -
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Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials were a series of trials held between 1945 and 1949 in which the Allies prosecuted German military leaders, political officials, industrialists, and financiers for crimes they had committed during World War II.Held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice, the Nuremberg trials were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg, Germany, between 1945 and 1949. -
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Harry Truman
Truman, Harry S. [( trooh -muhn)] A political leader of the twentieth century. A Democrat, Truman was president from 1945 to 1953. In 1944, after representing Missouri in the Senate, Truman was elected vice president under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and became president when Roosevelt died.Harry S. Truman was born in Missouri on May 8, 1884. In his first months in office he dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, ending World War II. -
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Potsdam Conference
Held near Berlin, the Potsdam Conference (July 17-August 2, 1945) was the last of the World War II meetings held by the “Big Three” heads of state. Featuring American President Harry S. Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (and his successor, Clement Attlee) and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, the talks established a Council of Foreign Ministers and a central Allied Control Council for administration of Germany. The leaders arrived at various agreements on the German economy. -
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
A Japanese city on which the United States dropped the first atomic bomb used in warfare, on August 6, 1945. After the devastation of the bombing, Hiroshima was largely rebuilt. ... Followed by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9, this show of Allied strength hastened the surrender of Japan in World War II. -
Dwight D Eisenhower
n United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961) Synonyms: Dwight David Eisenhower, Dwight Eisenhower, Eisenhower, Ike, President Eisenhower Example of: full general, general. a general officer of the highest rank.
