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Period: to
World War 2
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Great Depression Begins
The Great Depression of the 1930s was the worst economic crisis in the nations history. The United States wasn't the only country impacted, other countries that were involved in trading lost lots of money. Millions of people experienced starvation, homelessness, and suffering. Allies= Mainly the US, Russia, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, The Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Denmakr, Norway, and later the Soveit Union. Axis= Germany, Italy, and Japna -
Hitler Becomes Chancellor of Germany
• Between 1929 and 1932 support for the Communist and Nazi parties increased
• Other races like the Jews were blamed for causing all of Germany’s problems
• In the election of 1932, the Nazis were 37 percent of the vote
• Von Papen made a deal that Hitler could become Chancellor if he was Vice-Chancellor -
Japan Joins the Axis Powers
• Germany signed a treaty with Japan to offer protection against Russia -
Japan Conquers Manchuria in Northern China
• Invaded by Kwantung Army
• Between September 20-25 Japanese forces took Hsinguyueh, Changtu, Liaoyang, Tungliao, Tiaonan, and more -
Roosevelt First Elected President
• He made a promise to help the economy and really care about all classes of people -
Nuremberg Laws
• 1935
• Nazis announced that any Jewish or non-German decent person would have restrictions to the way they lived
• They couldn’t interact with Germans, couldn’t go to parks, couldn’t attend certain events and more -
German Air Force (Luftwaffe) Bombs London
• Aerial warfare branch of the Germans
• Previous German air force had been banned by the Treaty of Versailles
• February 26, 1935
• One of the strongest most advanced air forces at the time
• Led by Hermann Goering
• Luftwaffe is a generic German term for air force -
Britain's Appeasement of Germany
• Germany would gain control of the Sudetenland and Hitler promised to stop seeking more territory
• The Munich Agreement was part of the British and French policy of appeasement, meeting Germany’s demands in order to avoid war
• Other such as Winston Churchill, strongly disagreed with appeasement -
Hitler and Mussolini Form the Rome-Berlin Axis
• Germany and Italy signed a formal alliance which came to be known as the Rome Berlin Axis -
Japan Invades China
• Brutal battle, Japan had a huge advantage over the unprepared Chinese -
Germany Invades Austria
• A union between Germany and Austria had been forbidden under the terms of the Versailles Treaty
• Germany gave Austria 10 demands and when they wouldn’t follow through they invaded the country -
Kirstallnacht
• Means “Night of Crystal” or known as “Night of Broken Glasss”
• Nazi Party members went around breaking glass and damaging Jewish homes and buildings -
Germany and Soveit Union have a Non-Agression Pact
• August 23, 1939
• Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• Guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other
• By signing this pact, Germany had protected itself form having to fight a two front war
• Soviet Union was awarded land in Poland and Baltic -
Germany Invades Poland
• More than 2,000 tanks and over 1,000 planes broke through Polish defenses
• The Warsaw surrendered to the Germans
• The Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland -
Rosie the Riveter
• A character who symbolized women in manufacturing jobs
• Before September 9, 1939
• Inspired other women to work in factories instead of just at home -
Tuskegee Airmen
• African Americans played a significant role in U.S. military history
• They were denied military leadership roles and skilled training because many believed they lacked qualifications for combat duty
• Before 1940 African Americans were barred from flying for the U.S. Military
• Civil rights organizations and the black press exerted pressure that resulted in the formation of an all-African-American pursuit squadron based in Tuskegee Alabama
• Became known as Tuskegee Airman -
Germany Invades Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and France
• Denmark surrenders the day of the attack
• Norway holds out until June 9
• German forces were able to slip through the mines Britain had laid around Norwegian ports -
Lend-Lease Act
• Enacted March 11, 1941
• Law that started a program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the USSR, republic of China, France, and other Allied nations
• Signed a year and a half after the outbreak of World War 11 in Europe
• Nine months before the U.S. entered the war
• Effectively ended the United States pretense (hoax) of neutrality -
Germany Invades the Soveit Union
• Two years after the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression pact -
Pearl Harbor
• The Japanese launched a surprise attack on America
• More than 2,400 Americans were killed after the first 2 hours of the attack
• 21 ships had either been sunk or damaged
• More than 188 US aircrafts had been destroyed
• This is when the US joined/entered the Pacific war -
Manhattan Project
• Research development project that produced the first atomic bombs
• Led by the U.S. with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada
• From 1942 to 1946
• Cost nearly 2 billion dollars (equal to about 26 billion now)
• Employed more than 130,000 -
The Nazis Implement the Final Solution
• The Final Solution was the solution that the Nazis came up with
• It was the solution to get rid of all the Jewish people in Germany
• They wanted to exterminate the Jews
• The Nazis didn’t want it make it sound like they wanted to get rid of all the Jews so they came up with the term “the final solution” -
Japanese american Incarceration
• 110,000 people of Japanese heritage who lived on the Pacific coast of the U.S.
• 1942
• Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor
• February 19
• Had to live there
• Only little amount of time to pack -
Bataan Death March
• Began with 72,000 prisoners form the Southern end of Bataan Peninsula
• There was about 7,000 to 10,000 deaths because of the bad conditions
• The prisoners were to be marched 55 miles from the Marvels to San Fernando -
Battle of Midway
• Most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War 11
• June 4-7 1942
• Only six months after the attack on pearl harbor
• Defeated an imperial Japanese navy
• Was made to lure the United States into a trap -
Britishl forces Stop the German Advance at El Alamein
• Western Desert Campaign
• Fought on the Northern coast of Egypt -
Guadalcanal
• August 1942 to February 1943
• First marine Division landed on August 7, 1942 to seize Guadalcanal
• February 8, 1943 Japan completed a stealthy evacuation of their surviving ground troops in the early hours of the day -
German Forces Surrender at Stalingrad
• February 2, 1943
• Germans surrender despite the fact that Hitler had earlier declared “Surrender is out of the question. The troops will defend themselves to the last!”
• German planes to carry supplies were lost/crashed
German forces finally decided to retreat
• The Germans were starving and running out of ammunition
• The Germans tried to protect themselves but whatever they did the Soviets turned against them -
D-Day
• The Battle of Normandy resulted in the Allied liberation of western Europe from the Nazi Germany’s control
• The battle began June 6, 1944 aka D-Day
• 156,000 American, British, and Canadian forces landed on five beaches
• The invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history
• By late August 1944, all of northern France had been liberated -
Battle of the Bulge
• December 16, 1944-January 25, 1945
• Major German offensive launched through Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium and France
• Germany’s goal was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capture Antwerp, and destroy four Allied armies
• The battle ended when many German units were left depleted of men and equipment as survivors retreated to the defenses
• Largest and bloodiest battle fought by the United States in World War 2 -
Yalta Conference
• February 4-11 1945
• Represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union
• Discussed Europe’s post war reorganization -
Iwo Jima
• 19 February- 26 March 1945
• Major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire
• The invasion was planned to capture the entire island including three airfields
• Despite the bloody fighting and severe casualties on both sides, the Japanese defeat was assured from the start -
Okinawa
• Largest amphibious assault in WW2
• 82 day battle lasted form Early April of 1945 to mid-June
• Allies v. Japan
• Highest casualties in the Pacific
• Finally the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused Japan to surrender just weeks after the end of fighting at Okinawa -
Roosevelt Dies, Truman Becomes President
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Allied Forces Advance on Berliin, Germany Surrenders
• German troops were in the Berlin defense Area
• Allied forces began to take a large number of Axis prisoners
• When Hitler realized he had lost the battle of Berlin he committed suicide -
United Nations
• April 25, 1945
• Met in San Francisco
• Urged Americans not to turn their backs on the world
• Unlike League of Nations, the U.S. was part of the United Nations -
Postdam Conference
• July 17th-August 2, 1945
• Allies held the conference to plan the war’s end
• Decision was made to put Nazi war criminals -
o Japanese officials sign an official letter of surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri, ending World War II
• 6 days after the bombing on Nagasaki, japan announced its surrender to the Allies
• (August 15th 1945) -
Atomic Bombs Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• The war in Europe ended when the Nazi Germany signed its surrender on May 8th, but the Pacific war continued
• Little Boy and Fat Man were the names of the bombs
• August 6th 1945=little boy on Hiroshima
• August 9th 1945=fat man over Nagasaki
• Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the effects killed 90,000-166,000 people in Hiroshima and 70,000 in Nagasaki -
Nuremberg Trials
• November 20,1945
• 24 Defendants
• Hermann Goring
• 19 found guilty, 12 sentenced to death -
Marshall Plan
Plan to Boost European Economy
