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Hoffman had already hidden the secret documents in the spine of magazines, inside pens, and inside a walking cane, so he brought these with him to the ship. At the accommodation ladder, Hoffman was told he was allowed onto the ship but that he couldn't bring anything on board. Leaving his magazines and cane behind, Hoffman boarded with the pens. Sent directly to Captain Schroeder, Hoffman used the influence of the Abwehr to force Schroeder into allowing the crew to go to shore. Schroeder, shocke
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One of Adolf Hitler's first major foreign policy initiatives after coming to power was to sign a nonaggression pact with Poland in January 1934. This move was not popular with many Germans who supported Hitler but resented the fact that Poland had received the former German provinces of West Russia, Poznan, and Upper Silesia under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.
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Allies invaded north africa and was victorious
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The main German attack went through the Ardennes Forest in southeastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg
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The Battle of Dunkirk was an important battle in the Second World War between the Allies and Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation of British and allied forces in Europe
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It was secretly planned in 1940; Hitler hoped to destroy the comunist system and exploit the USSR's natural resources. It finally took place in 1941
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The base was attacked by 353[14] Japanese fighters, bombers and torpedo planes in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers.[14] All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four being sunk. Two of these were later raised, and with the remaining four repaired, six battleships returned to service later in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship,[nb 4] and one minelayer. 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,402 Americans
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The United States Navy constructed a military base on the atoll. On 19 August, the first permanent military garrison, understrength elements of the 1st Marine Defense Battalion,[7] totaling 450 officers and men,[8] were stationed on the island, under Major James P.S. Devereux. Also present on the island were 68 U.S. Navy personnel and about 1,221 civilian workers for the Morrison-Knudsen Company. Forty-five Chamorro men were employed by Pan American Airways at the company's facilities in Wake Is
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The defending forces outnumbered the Japanese invaders by 3 to 2, but were a mixed force of non-combat experienced regular, national guard, constabulary, and newly created Commonwealth units; the Japanese used their best first-line troops at the outset of the campaign. The Japanese 14th Army also concentrated its forces in the first month of the campaign, enabling it to swiftly overrun most of Luzon.
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conducted as part of the air raids on Japan by the United States Army Air Forces during the Pacific campaigns of World War II.
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During the Battle of Bataan, the American and Filipino soldiers of General Douglas MacArthur’s United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) had held out for four months against the Imperial Japanese Army, while every other island and nation in the Pacific and Southeast Asia fell to the Japanese. By March 1942, Japan controlled all of the Western Pacific except the Philippines.
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major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the United States and Australia. The battle was the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first in which neither side's ships sighted or fired directly upon the other. In an attempt to strengthen their defensive positioning for their empire in the South Pacific, Imperial Japanese forces decided to invade and occupy Port Moresby i
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The Japanese conquered Asia quickly
The Battle of Midway turned the war against Japan
Allied forces retook Asia and moved for JapanTwo atomic bombs were dropped in August 1945The results of the atomic bombs -
The Japanese operation, like the earlier attack on Pearl Harbor, sought to eliminate the United States as a strategic power in the Pacific, thereby giving Japan a free hand in establishing its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The Japanese hoped that another demoralizing defeat would force the U.S. to capitulate in the Pacific War and thus ensure Japanese dominance in the Pacific
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"The intention is not to evacuate Jews over the age of 65 but to send them to an old people’s ghetto Theresienstadt has been earmarked for this purpose. In addition to these age groups - and of the 280,000 Jews who lived in the Altreich [Germany] and the Ostmark [Austria] on October 1, 1941, some 30% are over 65 - the old people’s ghetto will also receive Jews with war injuries and Jews with war decorations (EK I) [Iron Cross First Class]. With this convenient solution the many intercessions [fo
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the Japanese made several attempts between August and November 1942 to retake Henderson Field. Three major land battles, seven large naval battles (five nighttime surface actions and two carrier battles), and continual, almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November 1942, in which the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and land with enough troops to retake it was defeated.
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Nazis and allies fought for Stalingrad, soviets won
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It was a large scale amphibious and airborne operation, followed by six weeks of land combat. It launched the Italian Campaign. Allied victory
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Allied Victory
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Following the completion of their campaign on Guadalcanal, the 2nd Marine Division had been withdrawn to New Zealand for rest and recuperation. Losses were replaced and the men given a chance to recover from the malaria and other illnesses that weakened them through the fighting in the Solomons. On July 20, 1943 the Joint Chiefs directed Admiral Chester Nimitz to prepare plans for an offensive operation in the Gilbert Islands.
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The main objective of the United States and Great Britain was to ensure full cooperation and assistance from the Soviet Union for their war policies. Stalin agreed, but at a price: Roosevelt and Churchill would have to support his reign and the partisans in Yugoslavia, and also allow for the manipulation of the border between Poland and the USSR. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin then moved on to other matters, namely Operation Overlord and general war policy
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At the beginning of 1944, the western half of the Winter Line was being anchored by Germans holding the Rapido, Liri and Garigliano valleys and some of the surrounding peaks and ridges. Together, these features formed the Gustav Line. Monte Cassino, a historic hilltop abbey founded in AD 529 by Benedict of Nursia, dominated the nearby town of Cassino and the entrances to the Liri and Rapido valleys, but had been left unoccupied by the German defenders. The Germans had, however, manned some posit
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Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control.
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was a major German offensive launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, and France and Luxembourg on the Western Front towards the end of World War II.
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Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin each arrived with their own agendas for the conference. For Stalin, postwar economic assistance for Russia, and U.S. and British recognition of a Soviet sphere of influence in eastern Europe were the main objec
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The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. Within a few years, with the Cold War dividing the continent, Yalta became a subject of intense controversy. To some extent, it has remained controversial.
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The Imperial Japanese Army positions on the island were heavily fortified, with a dense network of bunkers, hidden artillery positions, and 18 km (11 mi) of underground tunnels. The Americans on the ground were aided by extensive naval artillery and the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aviators had complete air supremacy over Iwo Jima from the beginning of the battle.
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The battle resulted in the highest number of casualties in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Japan lost over 100,000 soldiers, who were either killed, captured or committed suicide, and the Allies suffered more than 65,000 casualties of all kinds. Simultaneously, tens of thousands of local civilians were killed, wounded, or committed suicide. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused Japan to surrender just weeks after the end of the fighting at Okinawa
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Roosevelt sat in the living room of his cottage surrounded by friends and family. As he signed letters and documents, an artist stood painting his portrait at an easel nearby. The conversation was lively, the atmosphere congenial. The president turned to the artist and reminded her that they had only fifteen minutes left in the session. Suddenly, he grabbed his head complaining of a sharp pain. The president was suffering a massive cerebral hemorrhage that would end his life in minutes. America'
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The United Nations is the world's largest, foremost, and most prominent international organization. It helped organized the country.
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Were victorious in Europe
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Nuke test in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico
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At the end of the conference, the three Heads of Government agreed on the following actions. All other issues were to be answered by the final peace conference to be called as soon as possible. Allied Chiefs of Staff at the Potsdam Conference decided to temporarily partition Vietnam at the 17th parallel (Da Nang) for the purposes of operational convenience. It was agreed that British forces would take the surrender of Japanese forces in Saigon for the southern half of Indochina, whilst Japanese
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During World War II, the 2nd General Army and Chugoku Regional Army were headquartered in Hiroshima, and the Army Marine Headquarters was located at Ujina port. The city also had large depots of military supplies, and was a key center for shipping.
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During World War II, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack.
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On September 2, 1945, a formal surrender ceremony was performed in Tokyo Bay, Japan, aboard the battleship USS Missouri. In Japan, August 15 usually is known as the "memorial day for the end of the war"the official name for the day, however, is "the day for mourning of war dead and praying for peace"
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Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill - "an "iron curtain" has descended on Europe"
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Truman declares active role in Greek Civil War- Aide Will be provided
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Marshall Plan is announced setting a precedent for helping countries combat poverty, disease and malnutrition
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NATO formed for protection from Communist aggression. An attack on one meant an attack on all.
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The people's Republic of China was the social classes of the country. The classes consisted of workers, peasants, petite bourgeoisie, and national-capitalists. It organized China during 1949.
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Korean War begins. Stalin supports North Korea who invade South Korea equipped with Soviet weapons
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Vladimir Putin was born in 1952. He was a Russian politician. He was preisdent of Russia from 2000-2008. Also, prime minister of Russia from 200-1999. And again from 2008-2012.
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March 17-June 4 Nuclear Arms Race atomic test series of 11 explosions at Nevada Test Site
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The USSR said NATO was a threat and formed it in 1955, against the Western nations, in response to NATO
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The invasion was a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the government of the People's Republic of Hungart and it's Soviet Union policies.
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Nasser announced the Suez Canal in 1956. The Suez Canal was essentially built to make trade easier and more efficient.
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Space Race: Score one for teh Soviets...Sputnik launched into orbit
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Bay of Pigs invasion--an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba
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Construction of Berlin Wall begins- Separating East Berlin (Communist) from West Berlin (Capitalist)
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The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war. The United States armed forces were at their highest state of readiness ever and Soviet field commanders in Cuba were prepared to use battlefield nuclear weapons to defend the island if it was invaded.
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Gulf of Tonkin incident: North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin were alleged to have attacked without provocation. This was the site that would eventually lead the escalation and official documentation of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
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The Tet Offensive was an offensive by the Vietcong and North Vietnamese armies against South Vietnam. It begun with a surprised attack.
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The night of August 20th, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and Poland invaded Czechoslovakia. They invaded Czechoslovakia to halt Alexander Debcek's Prague Spring political reforms.
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Apollo 11 lands on the moon. Neil Armstrong was the first man to step in the moon
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North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam which falls to Communist forces
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Helsinki Accords was the final act of the conference on security and cooperation in Europe. It was an agreement between the Soviet bloc and the West for conomic, commercial, and scientific coopereation.
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The KGB was the state security police of former USSR. It was to ensure that there was security for the country and that the country for stay safe,
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The Iranian Hostage Crisis was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States.
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The Russian Invasion of Afghanistan was a war between Russia and Afghanistan that lasted about 10 years. Many died during it, and there were not many servivors.
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Sadam Hussein announed that he was ending the treaty with Iran that had been signed in 1975. The Iraqi armed forces had started a massive offensive and by the end of October the largest port in Iran had fallen to Iraqi forces.
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Lech Watesa was in office in 1990. He founded the Solidarity Movement in Poland in 1980. The Solidarity Movement in Poland was a social movement that helped Poland advance in the Cold War.
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End of Soviet Union and the Cold War Ends
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Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and success of the Soviet Union's forces in the war of Afghanistan led to a feeling of discontent.
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Perestroika means restructuring. Glasnost means openess. They were 2 complimentary policies that reformed within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union durin gthe Cold War.
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President Reagan and Gorbachev resolve to remove all intermediate nuclear missiles from Europe
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Chernobyl was a disaster that was a nuclear accident that happened in Ukraine. It was under the direct and essential authorities of the Soviet Union.
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Tiananmen Square was the center of Beijing adjacent to the Forbidden City. The government troops opened fire there on the unarmed pro-democracy.
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The border separating Western for Eastern Germany was effectively opened. Shops stayed open as long as they wanted, GDR passport served as a free ticket for public transportation and in general there were more exceptions than rules.
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The end of the USSR was the end of WW2. The Soviet Union ended it in 1991.
