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1662
John Graunt publishes "Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality", a pioneering work in statistical analysis. -
1900
Ronald Fisher develops maximum likelihood and many statistical tests. -
1920
Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson develop the concept of hypothesis testing and the famous Neyman-Pearson "lemma". -
1950
John Tukey develops exploratory data analysis, which emphasizes graphical techniques for data analysis. -
1980
Bradley Efron develops the concept of bootstrap resampling, which is used to estimate the variance of statistical estimates. -
1990
John Nelder and Robert Wedderburn develop the concept of generalized linear models, which are used to model a wide range of data types. -
2000
Edward Witten and others develop the concept of causal inference, which is used to infer causal relationships from observational data.