The Romantic Era (1810-1890)

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    Carl Maria von Weber

    Creator of German Romantic opera with Der Freischutz
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    Giacomo Meyerbeer

    Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Paris; known primarily for grand operas.
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    Gioachino Rossini

    Continued with Mozart's operatic style: the most famous composer in Europe between 1815 and 1835
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    Gaetano Donizetti

    Wrote over 70 operas
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    Vincenzo Bellini

    Famous for his opera Norma (1831)
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    Hector

    French composer, conductor, critic and author. He was the innovator of modern orchestral sound and wrote a treatise on orchestration. He was inspired by literature and was one of the first conductors to stand in front of an orchestra and conduct.
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    Felix Mendelssohn

    Also his sister Fanny Mendelssohn; Felix was a famous conductor, pianist and composer; he was also the founder of Leipzig. Fanny was a composer and supporter of the arts.
  • Character Pieces

    One-movement piano pieces; composers usually performed their own
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    Frederic Chopin

    Was called the poet of piano; playing style was the most delicate of all performers of his day but only lived to be 39 years old; found great success in Salons; credited with originating the modern piano style and everything he composed used the piano; style was virtuosic but also poetic
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    Robert Schumann

    Also Clara Wieck who married Robert in 1840; Robert was a composer, pianist, editor, writer, and bad conductor. Clara was a composer, teacher, and famous pianist.
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    Richard Wagner

    Changed opera, harmony, and music in general; most influential musician in the 19th century; musical innovations in harmony and orchestration revolutionized instrumental music and opera; wrote music dramas; Leitmotiv was his innovation
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    Giuseppe Verdi

    Important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century; was primarily an opera composer and was hailed as a hero of Italy and audiences yelled "Viva Verdi" and his productions; composed 28 operas
  • Lieder

    Composers created poetry setting and emotional expression.
  • Ophicleide

    Keyed brass instrument similar in range to a trombone.
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    Jacques Offenbach

    Known for operettes
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    Bedrich Smetana

    Pianist and child prodigy; Bohemian composer best known for his programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems called Ma vlast (My country); considered the founder of Czech music; took part in the fighting in 1848 nationalist uprising; also composed a Czech comic opera which helped played a large role in establishing Czech music
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    Stephen Foster

    American song composer who made a professional songwriter but died broke and the age of 37
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    Louis Moreau Gottschalk

    American nationalist who was born in New Orleans; was a child prodigy on the piano and was sent to Paris to study
  • Symphonie fantastique

    A program symphony in 5 movement
    I. Reveries, Passions
    II. A Ball
    III. Scene in the Fields
    IV. March to the Scaffold
    V. Dream of the witches' Sabbath
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    Johannes Brahms

    A German composer, pianist, and conductor; wrote symphonies, chamber music, piano works, and choral compositions; continued the classical traditions
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    Georges Bizet

    Blended styles into opera comique with Carmen (1875)
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    Antonin Dvorak

    Czech nationalists
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    Edvard Grieg

    Norway Nationalist
  • Rigoletto

    First produced in Venice, Italy.
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    The Mighty Five

    Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin (also a chemist), Cesar Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Modest Musorgsky
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    Edward Elgar

    England nationalist
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    Issac Albeniz

    Spain nationalist
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    Ignacy Jan Paderewski

    Polish pianist and composed; was a prime minister and foreign minister of Poland in 1919
  • Italy became a country

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    Frederick Delus

    England nationalist
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    Jean Sibelius

    Finland nationalist
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    Enrique Granados

    Spain nationalist
  • The Moldau

    a river in Czechoslovakia
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    Manuel de Falla

    Spain nationalist