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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
In 1864, the Cigar Union joined other craft unions to form the AFL. The first president of the AFL was Samuel Gompers. What was different about the AFL from the KoL was a much more formal federation of labor unions -
Knights of Labor
In 1886 the group had 700,000 members and it supported reforms such as the protection its members from employer retaliations and the unity of interest of all producing groups. -
Haymarket Square Riot
The strike occurred on May 4th, 1886, they protested to earn a 8 hr work day. A person threw a bomb at police and the police retaliated and the conflict killed 8 people. -
Sherman Anti-Trust
This act was passed on July 2nd, 1890, it had established the prohibition of monopolies or unreasonable combinations of companies to restrict or in any way control interstate commerce. -
Homestead Riot
It occurred on July 6th, 1892, the strike was unsuccessful because they couldn't assassinate Frick. -
American Railway Union
In June 1893, the founder of the ARU, Eugene V. Debs won a strike for higher wages. -
Pullman Strike
A strike against George Pullman was led by Eugene V. Debs in May of 1894. President Cleveland then ordered the Army to subdue Debs and the strikers. -
Initiative, Referendum, and Recall
The first state to adopt the initiative was South Dakota in 1898. There are three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office. -
Primary Elections
In 1899, Minnesota used a preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a principal, especially presidential, election. The "primary" advantage of utilizing this was a primary allows voters to choose between different candidates of the some political parties, perhaps representing different wings of the party. -
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
ilgwu.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU was founded in June 3, 1900 and was the first primarily female labor union -
Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal
On Sept. 14th, 1901, Roosevelt took office and had enacted a program which had three parts - conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. -
Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom"
When Wilson took office in 1913, he declared in his speech, "New Freedom", that the people will have greater economic opportunity, while ensuring the tradition of limited government. -
17th Amendment
It was ratified on April 8th, 1913, it established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states -
Council-Manager Government
In 1914, Dayton, Ohio used the Council-Manager Government, which is the system of local government that combines the strong political leadership of elected officials in the form of a council or other governing body, with the strong managerial experience of an appointed local government manager. The first city to appoint this was Staunton, VA -
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
On October 15th, 1914, the act had elaborated on price discrimination, price fixing, and unfair business practices -
The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
In 1916, labor union members supported the ban on child labor due to children being exempt from harsh labor and it was a stepping stone for their progress. -
19th Amendment
On August 18, 1920, this amendment which granted the right for women to vote was ratified. Susan B. Anthony had voted in a presidential election which had stirred the pot about women voting.