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Industrial revolution.
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States. -
Watt's Steam engine.
The first Watt engines were atmospheric pressure engines, like the Newcomen engine but with the condensation taking place separate from the cylinder. -
Independence of the U.S.
By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. -
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French revolution.
The French Revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy,while the values and institutions it created remain central to French political discourse. -
Napoleon empire.
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic,then the French Empire after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from 18 May 1804 to 11 April 1814 and again briefly from 20 March 1815 to 7 July 1815. -
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The war of independence.
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States. -
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Spanish-American independence.
The Spanish American wars of independence (25 September 1808 – 29 September 1833; Spanish: Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) were numerous wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule during the early 19th century. -
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Luddism.
The word Luddism refers to a popular movement emerged in England in the early nineteenth century, led by artisans who protested against the growing use of machines in the productive process – especially threshers and looms -, they considered that their use destroyed the employment and deteriorated the working. -
Constitution of Cádiz.
The constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823) and again in 1836–1837 while the Progressives prepared the Constitution of 1837. -
Stephenson locomotive.
The constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823) and again in 1836–1837 while the Progressives prepared the Constitution of 1837. -
Congress of Viena.
The Congress of Vienna (French: Congrès de Vienne, German: Wiener Kongress) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. -
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Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII (Spanish: Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was a King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. He was known to his supporters as el Deseado (the Desired) and to his detractors as el Rey Felón (the Felon/Criminal King). -
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Bourbon Restoration.
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the first fall of Napoleon on 3 May 1814. Briefly interrupted by the Hundred Days War in 1815, the Restoration lasted until the July Revolution of 26 July 1830. -
1820 Revolution.
Revolutions during the 1820s included revolutions in Russia, Spain, Portugal, and Italy for constitutional monarchies, and for independence from Ottoman rule in Greece. -
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The Liberal Triennium.
The Trienio Liberal or Three Liberal Years was a period of three years in the modern history of Spain between 1820 and 1823, when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolutist rule of Ferdinand VII. -
First trade unions.
The origins of modern trade unions can be traced back to 18th-century Britain, where the Industrial Revolution drew masses of people, including dependents, peasants and immigrants into cities. -
1830 Revolution.
The Revolutions of 1830 were a revolutionary wave in Europe that took place in 1830. It included two "romantic nationalist" revolutions, the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France along with revolutions in Congress Poland, Italian states, Portugal, and Switzerland. It was followed eighteen years later, by another much more vigorous wave of revolutions known as the Revolutions of 1848. -
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Isabela II
Isabella II (Spanish: Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868. She is the only queen regnant in Spanish history. Isabella was the elder daughter of King Ferdinand VII and Queen Maria Christina. Shortly before Isabella's birth, her father issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the succession of his firstborn daughter, due to his lack of a son. -
Italian Unification.
Italian Unification was the historical process that, throughout the 19th century, led to the union of the various states into which the Italian peninsula was divided, mostly linked to dynasties considered "non-Italian", such as the Habsburgs or the Bourbons. -
1848 Revolutions.
The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history to date. -
German Unification.
The unification of Germany was a historical process that took place in the second half of the 19th century in Central Europe and ended with the creation of the German Empire on January 18, 1871, bringing together several hitherto independent states. -
Bloody Sunday.
On January 22, 1905, a group of workers led by the radical priest Georgy Apollonovich Gapon marched to the czar's Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to make their demands. Imperial forces opened fire on the demonstrators, killing and wounding hundreds. -
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Balkan Wars.
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. -
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WW1
World War I or the First World War, often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. It was fought between two coalitions, the Allies and the Central Powers. Fighting occurred throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. -
February Revolution.
The February Revolution was the first of two revolutions that took place in Russia in 1917. At the time of the revolution, Russia was an autocracy, with Tsar Nicholas II holding absolute power over his people. -
October Revolution.
October Revolution. On November 7, 1917, the Bolshevik party seized power in Russia's capital, starting the communist October Revolution and leading to the founding of the Soviet Union. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. -
Treaty of Versailles.
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles. -
League of Nations.
The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. -
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Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. -
Operation Barbossa.
The surprise German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 and the nearly four years of war that followed on what the Germans called “the Eastern Front.” With some 3.5 million German and nearly 700,000 German-allied troops. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor.
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. naval base. -
United Nations.
On 25 April 1945, delegates of 50 nations met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The delegates drew up the 111-article Charter, which was adopted unanimously on 25 June 1945 in the San Francisco Opera House. -
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ATOMIC BOMB ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. -
Universal Declarations of Humans Rights.
s a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948.