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The Ancient Civilization of Sumer first counted and measure things.
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The Sumerians invented Multiplication and Divison.
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The Babylonian Excavations found clay tablets with fractions and equations on them.
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The Chinese were the first to use decimals
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The Indians first used exponents.
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The Chinese were the first to use Square Roots.
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Early developments in geometry, including work on similar and right triangles are invented by a Greek Mathematician, Thales. These were invented to find out things about shadows and the sun.
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the Greek mathematician Pythagoras first invented the Pythagorean Theorem and he is named after it today. It is used in architecture and construction. Primarily, in measuring diagonal that hold up bridges or act as foundations.
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The Greek Mathmatician Hipparchus developed first detailed trigonometry tables. These tables and trigonometric tables are used in oceanography to measure waves and tides.
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Greek Mathematician Ptolemy continued to better everyone's understanding of Trigonometry. The continued to use these in more advanced oceanography.
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The Indians first used modern trigonometry. Modern trigonometry was invented for many reasons. For example, civil engineering, chemistry, architecture, and many more.
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the Italian, Luca Pacioli, wrote the first book about Trigonometry. It contained things like sine, cosine, tangent, and many more topics.
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German Mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss was the first to use the geometric mean. The geometric mean is particular helpful in calculating statistics, commonly in business and finance.