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This took place in the Syrian Empire in 750 BC. Also the Greek, Egyptian, Roman, and Babylonian civilizations manufactured abd uses magnifying glasses.
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With absolute certainly, we can say that nobody knows the answer. Perhaps, Zacharias Janssen (in 1590), Galileo Galilei (in 1609), or Cornelius Drebbel (1619) were the inventors.
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The first person who names this invention as "the microscope" was Giovani Faber in 1625.
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Who was able to glimpse its importance, and used if for scientific purposes was Robert Hookie in 1665. It was who linked the history of the microscope with that of the cell.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek developed a new technique to manufacture lenses that allowed him to observe samples with magnifications up to 200 times (200x). He published his results in 1684. Interestingly, this microscope was rudimentary. It consisted of a single lens, but its manufacturing technique was the secret to archieving magnification ranges never reached before.