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Robert Hooke
During his twenties, Robert Hooke recorded a book of his observations and drawings of natural world called Micrographia, meaning “tiny drawings”. Hooke developed his version of the compound microscope and it was the most available at that time. Today, Hooke’s most famous image is from Micrographia, a drawing of a cork. One day he looked at a very thin slice of cork and he observed what looked like little rooms, he also called these shape cells. -
Anton van Leewenhoek
Leewenhoek knew how to make very simple microscopes also know as the magnifying glasses today. Leeuwenhoek’s skills of building a microscope made him to magnify objects over 200 times. Anton Leewenhoek used the microscope to view microbes in water and scraping from his teeth. He also described Spirogyra, that can be found on lakes. Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to observe and record microbes. -
Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann used his time studying animals was especially interested in the digestive system. One year later, Scholiden suggested that animals, and not just plants were built of cells. Both Schleiden and Schwann get credited with developing the cell theory, which are all living organisms that are made up of cells. -
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweiss
(Pargraph was too long, look at paper) -
Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold
Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold also suggested that microbes were also made up of cells (one cell). Siebold believed that organisms were made up of many cells, like animals, were built out of single-celled microbes. He stated that microbes were living creatures made up of the same material as animals and plants. -
Rudolf Carl Vircow
Rudolf Virchow is a Polish doctor. He had been treating and examining ill patients for many years. Virchow is famous for saying “all cells arise from cells” which means that cells reproduce to create new cells. He thought that all diseases are caused by cells that don’t work correctly. Virchow believed that diseased cells show up from other regularly healthy cells of the sick person. Cancer and other genetic diseases are diseases of the cell. -
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale is an English nurse, and published her ideas on disease. She was one of the first to recognize the profit of cleanliness and suggested it as a part of good nursing. It improved sanitary practices in military hospital and led to less soldiers dying from infections due to contaminated battle injuries -
Louis Pasteur
Pasteur was a French chemist and studies microbes. Using heat kills microbes is known as pasteurization in his honor. Pasteur detected that a microbe was infecting the silkworks and the leaves they ate. He recommended that microbes are referred to as “germs”, could cause infectious diseases and easily spread by other people. This is also known as the germ theory of disease. -
Joseph Lister
Lister was a scottish surgeon who had been concerned at the high death rates of patients following surgery. He came up with this idea of killing germs with chemicals. Later in 1867, he began using an antiseptic to clean surgical instruments. Lister sprayed the air, required hand washing and clean aprons. In conclusion, the death rate of patients following surgery dropped to about 15%. -
Robert Koch
Robert Koch is a german doctor, found the microbe that caused anthrax and later on went to identify the microbes that caused tuberculosis and cholera. Koch developed a way to prove that a specific microbe caused a precise disease. He also builded new ways to produce cultures of uncontaminated microbes. He developed agar, a gelatin- like substance which is used to grow microbe cultures. -
Mattias Jakob Schleiden
Schleiden liked to use a microscope to study plants so, he left the law to become a professor of botany. Based on his study, Schleiden advise that all plants are made of cells. He also stated that different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells. -
William Stewart Halsted
Halsted became one of the first surgeons to use rubber gloves during surgery. Instead of trying to find a way to kill the microbes, he decided to find out how to stop them from spreading in the first place. The gloves could be sterilized with heat and chemicals that were very hard on human hands. Sterilized the gloves helped reduce the presence of even more microbes and improve patient healths.
