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Anglo-saxon was a i tribe and they left a vocabulary more useful and some words were more simple everyday things like "werewolf" and for the days of the weak they named in honour of Anglo-Saxons gods. In the other heand christians were bringing with them leaflets about jumble sales and more latin and they added new words like "martyr" "bishop" and "font".
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The Vikings came and killed christians so their action-man words were "drag" "ransak" "fast" "die". They "gave" English 2,000 words.
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William the conquer invades England bringing new concepts from across the channel like the french language, the Doomsday book and the duty-free Gauloise multi-pack. French was the rigueur for all official business with words like "judge" and "" evidence". English absorbed about 10,000 words from the Normans.
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About 2,000 words and phrases were invented by William Shakespare
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When the Brithish landed in América they borrowed words like "raccon" "squash" from the native Americans.
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The Bible was translate in the vocabulary of interpreted by King James and begat a whole glossary of metaphore and morality.
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The physicists like Issak Newton and Robert Cook, added vocabulary for the human body and at the begining they worked in latin language until they realised they can speak in their science new words "cardiac" "sternum" etc.
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Through this time very named and important dictionaries came in, like The dictionary of the English 1755 and the oxford english dictionary im 1857 with the help of lexicographers.
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English in obedience to the crown looking for gold, brought new words that they take from other countries like "cannibal" "barbecue" from the caribe, "yoga" in the India1860, "zoombie" in África and "walkabout" in Australia on 1828.
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The Germans in 1856 came with new words like "pretzels" and italians came with words l"pizza" "pasta" just to put some examples.
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America spread a new language of capitalism
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The firsg email was sent and soon the Internet arrived and also new words that we use nowdays like "dowland" and "toolbar".