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Brown v. Board of Education
The U.S. Supreme Court ordered that the defendants in the case (Topeka, Kansas and state education agencies in Delaware, South Carolina and Virginia school boards) desegregate by race with all deliberate speed. This led to the decision that all people regardless of race, gender and disability have the right to public education. (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer, & Shogren, 2015) -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
According to Wikipedia, as part of Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty" the passage of ESEA helped set aside federal funds for public education. In 1966 the act was amended as Aid to Handicapped Children to set aside funds specifically for students with disabilities. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act) -
Diana vs. State Board of Education
A lawsuit to prevent the use of standardized tests for evaluating students and classifying them into special education when tests were not completed in the student's native language. (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer, & Shogren, 2015) -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Section 504 is an amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. This civil rights law applies to public elementary and secondary school as well as any other program that is receiving federal financial assistance. (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer, & Shogren, 2015) and (www.parentcenterhub.org/section504/) -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
President Gerald Ford signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, now known as Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The act was signed in response to nearly 8 million children with disabilities in the U.S., at the time, being inappropriately educated or fully excluded from the public school setting. (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer, & Shogren, 2015) -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District vs. Rowley
The first special education case to land in U.S. Supreme Court. It was ruled that students student who qualify for special education services must have access to public school programs to meet their needs and programs are supported by services which help students benefit from instruction (Esteves & Roa, 2008). -
Early Childhood Intervention
In the reauthorization of Education of All Handicapped Children Act, Congress established the early intervention program for infants and toddler with disabilities. (www.parentcenterhub.org/ei-history/) -
Tech Act
The Technology-Related Assistance to Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 was signed by the President with the intention of promoting awareness of and access to assistive technology devices and services. It provides grant funds so statewide systems can be created and allow for the delivery of assistive technology devices to persons with disabilities. (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer & Shogren 2016) and (www.parentcenterhub.org/ata/) -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Passed by Congress, this is the nation's first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities by prohibiting discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations and telecommunications. (www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/1990s/ada.htm/) -
Response to Intervention (RtI)
The 2004 amendment to IDEA which is the current approach in special education. It helps direct teachers to intensify their instruction for students that may be at risk of learning disabilities prior to referring them for special education services. (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer, Shogren, 2015)
