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35000 BC
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Sophists: First teaching methods to incorporate technology, albeit primitive 500 BC
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According to Paul Saettler, Socrates's method of inquiry was "perhaps his most important educational contribution" (Saettler, L. P. ,1990, p.26). Saettler, L. P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited. George S. Thompson
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Similarities to construcivism where students were expected to arrive at own reaonable conclusions re: teacher guidance
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Comenius “first true forerunner of modern educational technology” (Saettler, 1990, p. 31).
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Lancasterian Monitorial Instruction: Group instruction methods, classroom and school financial management methods
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Oswego system in United States based on Pestalozzi's methods, including the object-lesson plan, 1860
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Kindergarten System, first kindergarten in United States in 1855
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Herbart was a proponent of psychological principles to drive instruction
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Use of media to enhance instruction in museums echoed precpets of Comenius's method of using nature to guide instruction.
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First catalog of intructional films published, 1910
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WW II 1940, the urgency of war precipitated an exponential growth in sytems of instructional design based on psychological principles, shades of Herbart
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Rapid growth of Instructional television began in the 1950's.
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Developed as a result of IBM initiative
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Criterion referenced testing delimited sets of standards and to measure learning drove instructional design to create reference points of learning, aka objectives, as in object teaching foreshadowed by Pestalozzi and Froebel.
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Scientifically considered systems of instruction, likely foreshadowed the development of modules of instruction in CAI and constructivist principles of self directed learning since learning objectives were packaged in those systems.
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First message sent on The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the first successful routing by packet switching of digital data to a destination.
Abbate, J. E . (n.d.). “From ARPANET to Internet: A history of ARPA-sponsored computer networks”. Retrieved September 30, 2012, from http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9503730/ -
Based on Skinner's programmed instruction and the rapid devlopment of audio/visual and digital technologies, educational technology became viable acameic field.
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The ascendancy of programmed instruction based on behavioral empirical, principles as espoused by B.F. Skinner
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Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak created Apple II, the first microcomputer with practical uses for both personal and business use, and of course, educational potential.
Linzmayer, O. (2004). Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World’s Most Colorful Company. No Starch Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=mXnw5tM8QRwC&pgis=1 -
The creation of personal computers and the operating systems to run them by Microsoft and Apple provided the means for the now ubiquitous use of computers in education and personal and professional use
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As technology developed viables means of delivering instruction and content, the exponential growth of educational technology was a natural consequence.
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Allen and Bill Gates formed Microsoft after being hired to write an operating system in BASIC for the Altair, the first mail-order build-it-yourself computer kit. The impact on education (and the world) was transformational.
Zacharogeorgas, L. G. (2005). Microsoft Windows: The evolution of a revolutionary product. Retrieved September 27, 2012 from http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Publication/13354102/microsoft-windows-the-evolution-of-a-revolutionary-product