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The history of computers spans several centuries by Raymond Dayrit

By Russel Ryan
  • Mechanical Calculators

    Mechanical Calculators

    Inventions like Blaise Pascal's Pascaline and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's step reckoner introduced mechanical calculators.
  • The Analytical Engine

    The Analytical Engine

    Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine, a programmable mechanical computer. Although it was never completed, it laid the groundwork for future computing concepts.
  • Harvard Mark I

    Harvard Mark I

    Developed by Howard Aiken and IBM, it was one of the first large-scale electromechanical computers.
  • Z3

    Z3

    Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany, it was the first programmable computer.
  • ENIAC

    ENIAC

    One of the first general-purpose electronic computers, it used vacuum tubes and was programmable.
  • EDVAC

    EDVAC

    Proposed the stored-program concept, leading to more versatile computer designs.
    Transistors and Integrated Circuits
  • Period: to

    Integrated Circuits

    The invention of the transistor replaced vacuum tubes, making computers smaller and more reliable. Integrated Circuits (ICs): Allowed multiple transistors to be embedded on a single chip, drastically reducing size and cost.
    Microcomputers
  • Apple II

    Apple II

    popularized home and office computing.
  • Period: to

    The Internet and Networking

    Development of TCP/IP protocols facilitated networking, leading to the rise of the internet. The World Wide Web, created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, revolutionized information sharing.
  • IBM PC

    IBM PC

    popularized home and office computing.
  • Period: to

    Modern Era

    Rapid advancements in processing power, mobile computing, and cloud technology.