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Abu Bakr was born in a rich family in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. He was born in 573. He was part of the Banu Taym clan of the Quraysh Tribe. As a child, he loved camels and goats. He went to Syria in the same caravan as Mohammad (PBUH). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr
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He was Mohammad's father in law. He was one of the first Muslims. He led Mohammad's army in many wars. He was the first Caliph ever. He defeated many tribes that were not loyal to the caliphate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr
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There were many tribes that claimed they owed no loyalty to the caliphate. Abu Bakr attacked them with his army and defeated them. This helped put the Caliphate back. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr
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Abu Bakr wanted to choose a successor because he was afraid that his people would fight over who would be Caliph after he died. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr
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During his reign, he expanded the Muslim empire into The Byzantine empire and Persia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar
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There is a new calendar known as the Hijri which is made. It is based on the moon rather than the sun. When there is a full moon, it is the fifteenth day of the month.
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A slave called Abu Lu Lu used a poison soaked knife to murder Umar as he led Fajr Prayers, the slave then killed some of his companions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar
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Uthman was born in Taif in Saudi Arabia. He was part of the Umayyad Clan of the Quraysh Tribe. He was born 7 years after Mohammad (PBUH). His father was rich but died young, leaving Uthman a lot of money. Uthman also became a business man and became very wealthy. Umar was assassinated to Uthman became the next Caliph. He followed the same policies as Umar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman
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During his reign, Ali Ibn Ali Talib wanted to punish those responsible for Uthman's death, this caused the split between the Sunni and the Shia which is still here today. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman
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Ali is assassinated by the Kharjits, the same people who assassinated Uthman. After this, the Caliphate became hereditary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali
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Islamic territories were ruled by the descendants of Mu’ Awiyah, which is where the named Umayyad came from. Their capital city was Damascus.Thanks to their great armies, Islam was spread as far as China and Spain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate
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It a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. During its time, it was known to be very scientifically and mathematically advanced. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus
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The Shia hated the Umayyad Sunni leaders because they treated them unfairly. An army led by Abu Al Abbas defeated the Umayyads and Abbas became the caliph of this empire. Its capital city was Baghdad. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate
