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A process of food preservation where all water in
removed from food
Lack of water stops bacterial growth allowing it to be
edible for a long time
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The proteins in food are drastically effected in the
drying process
Though they still have nutrients, they are not as
healthy as fresh foods
The drying process is very tedious and time
consuming as opposed to canned food, which can
be mass produced -
Before Canning
Before canning there were limited ways to keep food
from spoiling.
Drying
Smoking
Curing
These methods drastically changed the freshness
and quality of the food.
These methods were very time consuming and often
difficult to do correctly. -
Curing food stops the growth of bacteria and
preserves
By adding salt the food becomes dehydrated
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This process negatively effects the nutritional value
of food causing it to lost vitamins, proteins begin to
get broken down
consuming large amounts of salt can dehydrate the
body and have a negative effect on the heart -
Sailors would eat a great deal of salt cured food
Cured food loses many essential vitamins in the
curing process
Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C
Between 1600 – 1800 over a million men lost their
lives to scurvy
Canned food dramatically changed the lives of
sailors giving them the opportunity to be out at sea
for extended periods of time with access to fresh
nutritious food -
Military: The Can revolutionized the military and war in general, as it allowed more flexibility during conquest, feeding the soldiers at all times, anywhere. The main market for the UK can, was the British Army and Royal Navy, many explorers, such as those exploring the nortwest route to india rook the tin can with them, as food could be preserved for years, as long the seal wasn't opened. Wars could now expand further, and last longer without the winter withdrawl. Even though for the Napoleoni
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Canned food does not lose fiber during the
process
Packed at the height of freshness
Vitamins, potassium, thiamin and
carotenoids are not lost
Meats do not lose any nutrient value.
Some types of fish will even gain calcium
when canned. -
“An army marches on its stomach”
In order to gain the upper hand in the war,
Napoleon wanted to make sure his troops
were provided with daily rations. ----------------------------------------------------------
a 12,000 franc reward was offered to the first
person to solve the problem of preserving
food for extensive periods of time. http://scholarsarchive.jwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=ac_symposium -
Too bad it was difficult to get food to the troops.
“30-40 tons of food to feed the soldiers in his Northern Italian army
in 1795 on a daily basis.” – (To Feed An Army)
Could not have it delivered, so soldiers were given money to
purchase food from merchants
When there was no food, soldiers often stole, ate spoiled food, or
went hungry
Napoleon’s army were often deprived of food.
With the invention of bottled and canned food, food could be stored
and stay fresh for long periods of time -
1810 Nicolas Appert, French Brewer, discovered "food cooked in a jar, doesnt go bad!" (50 years later, we know why...), through the process of sterilization
----> Initial Glas Jars: expensive, difficult to transport --> became: cylindrical tin, or wrought iron containers (short: can)
-----> was cheaper, quicker to make, but it took 30 more years to invent the can opener...
------> By the end of the war, the perfection of the can was still not completed -
British merchant Peter Durand made an impact on food preservation with his 1810 patenting of the tin can. He became the parent from King George III, for the Tin plated Iron can. However, at the time, even a handy craftman could produce 60 handman cans a day. http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/tin_can.htm
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n 1813, two English men Bryan Donkin and John Hall started commercial canned food production with the patent of Durand. After this, the use of tin can spreaded rapidly. Donkin and Hall are also founders of iron facilities in Dartford, England. http://www.tenekemuzesi.com/eng_tarihce.asp?id=89
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For over 30 years, tin cans existed with no can opener
Experiences of the US military during the civil war led to
attempts to design effective openers
The Invention of tin cans had not become popularized for
home use until the invention of the can opener because
there was no easy way to open them. -
Peter Durand who migrated to USA in 1818, brought the first tin can to USA.
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1819 - Beginning of commercial canning in America (fruit & vegetables)
http://www.anthro.utah.edu/IMACs/471-TinCans.pdf -
The invention allowed the production of cans to increase from 6 to 60 an hour, whereny a single can could be made by the die device in one operation. This fastened the production
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Allan Taylor located in American, invented a machine that could increase production of the can even more, and got a patent on it in 1847
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On January 5, 1858, Waterbury native Ezra J. Warner invented the first US can opener. The idea of storing food in cans dates back almost 50 years earlier when Peter Durand of England patented a can made of wrought iron with a tin lining.
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In 1870, William Lyman got the patent of the first geared tin can opener.
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1872 - Large-scale meat canning began in Chicago
http://www.anthro.utah.edu/IMACs/471-TinCans.pdf -
In 1875, the iron plates were replaced with steel plates.
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1880’s: canned food made widely available
canned food represented middle class America
Prior to canned food, meat was a luxury. The average person’s diet might consist of bread and potatoes
In 1914: Average Family spent 60% of their income on food.
By 1937: Average family spent 35% of their income on food
This is due in a large part to canned food, for making food that does spoil, and is inexpensive. -
First time, where condensed milk, as a first liquid, has been produced and developed
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Chain grocery retailing was a phenomenon that took off around the beginning of the twentieth century, with the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (established 1859) and other small, regional players. Grocery stores of this era tended to be small (generally less than a thousand square feet) and also focused on only one aspect of food retailing. Grocers (and most of the chains fell into this camp) sold what is known as “dry grocery” items, or canned goods and other non-perishable.
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The first machine was invented where cans became automatically produced http://www.canmakers.co.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/v2-History-of-the-Can.pdf
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In 1892, tin cans for cigarette were produced.
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In the 19th century, the food can became a status simbol for the upper middle class, as it allows households to have food contained everyday, and going to the market everyday became uneccessary. Urban migration also contributed to the city dwellers increased needs of nutritious and available food. Especially also during recessions, canned food stored allows people to have available food in the long run
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Clarence Saunders’ Piggly Wiggly stores, established in Memphis in 1916, are widely credited with introducing America to self-service shopping, although other stores (notably Alpha Beta in Southern California) around the country were experimenting with the idea at about the same time. Self-service stores came to be known as “groceterias” due to the fact that they were reminiscent of the cafeteria-style eateries that were gaining popularity at the time.
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In 1917, Ernest Möeller (Bayer) produced aspirin in a can. In the same year, canned coffee with opener was produced
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As early at the 1920s, some chain grocers were experimenting with consolidated (albeit still rather small) stores that featured at least a small selection of fresh meats and produce along with the dry grocery items. In Southern California, Ralphs Grocery Company was expanding into much larger stores than had been seen before in most of the country. Los Angeles was also seeing the beginning of the “drive-in market” phenomenon, where several complimentary food retailers (a butcher, a baker, a groc
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In 1922, canned food for dogs was produced by H. Chopped.
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In 1931, the first electrical can opener was produced.
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In 1933, the first canned mineral oil was produced.
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On January 24, 1935, the first canned beer , "Krueger Cream Ale," was sold by the Kruger Brewing Company of Richmond, VA.
http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/tin_can.htm -
In 1957, aluminium started to be used in can production
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In 1970, recycling issue came up. The issue of waste, how to deal with the used cans?
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In 1991, the first successful easy opened cover was made of tin plate. Today, the tin cans are produced in modern lines, more than 200 million cans are being used per day only in USA, 133 billion cans are being produced per year. More than 2500 different products are being canned.
The production speeds of can lines are more than 2500 pieces / min. -
1815 Canned food reaches Australia
Canned foods were greatly favoured by early explorers.
Beginning in 1814
canned foods were sent to distant British colonies.
http://www.cannedfood.org/files/library/pdfs/history-can.pdf