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The roots of American educational systems are established.
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The Boston Latin Grammar School was the first high school, but it served only the colonial elite and had strong European flavor.
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Boston Latin Grammer School -
Prepared boys for ministry and law. -
Franklin's Academy - Elminated religion, focused on practifcal needs: math, science, navigation.
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Students selected courses from this menu, which created the prcedent for electives and alternative programs at the secondary level that exist today.
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English Classical School - Focused on needs of boys not attending college.
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In 1852 the first compulsory school attendance law was passed in Massachusetts and built 50 new secondary schools, and increased teacher salaries by 50%.
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The English Classical School offered studies in English, math, history, science, geography, bookkeeping, and surveying, and to reflect its practical emphasis.
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In New Jersey it was the last state to eliminate the requirement that parents pay for their children's elementary education in 1871.
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In 1865, 50% of American children were enrolled in public schools and 28 of 35 states had established state boards of education.
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The committee concluded that students who planned to go no further than high school needed content and teaching methods that were the same as those who were college bound - an idea that continues to be debated today.
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Committee of Ten - Created standards and methods for high school.
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The first junior high, for grades 7, 8, and 9, opened in Columbus, Ohio, in 1909.
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Commission of the Reorganization of Secondary Education - Created Cardinal Principles of Education, including applied goals in health and civic education.
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In 1918 report of, The Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education, broadened the high school curriculum to include basic skills such as reading and math, together with vocational education, personal health, worthy home membership, civic education, effective use of leisure time and ethical character.
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By 1926 the concept spread quickly, and junior highs had been set up in 800 school systems.
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Overhead projector are used to present information to classes until recent years, when they were replaced by smart boards and other more-flexible tech tools.
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During the 1950-1970 Educational television, the video cassette recorder (VCR) were introcuded of new forms of teaching in daycares and at home. Some school also used them.
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In 1967, Introduced by Texas Instruments, these large and initially bulky tools paved the way for the sophisticated calculators used in today's classrooms.
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In spite of these problems, junior highs remained popular until the 1970's when continued criticism caused fundamental change. The creattion of middle school, targeted at grades 6 to 8.
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The 2000's marked the use of streaming video in classrooms; the use of handheld devices, such as smartphones and clickers; the replacement of overhead projectors with document cameras and chalkboards with whiteboards; the widespread use of the Internet as a source of information; and the increasing popularity of distance learning.