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it was a war waged in Central Europe (mainly the Holy Roman Empire) between 1618 and 1648, in which most of the great European powers of the time intervened. This war marked the future of Europe as a whole in later centuries.
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The Thirty Years' War came to an end with the Peace of Westphalia and the Peace of the Pyrenees, and was the highlight of the rivalry between France and the Habsburg territories (the Spanish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire) by hegemony in Europe
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The French Revolution marks the beginning of the Contemporary Age by laying the foundations of modern democracy, which places it at the heart of the 19th century. Opened new political horizons based on the principle of popular sovereignty
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International meeting
Restoring borders in Europe
Balance of power
Monarchical principle of legitimacy -
Urbanization
Imperialism (extension of territory by resources)
Technological evolution
Commercial exchange, cultural interconnection
Economic growth (globalization)
Classism (change in socioeconomic structure) -
Russian Revolution of 1905
Russian defeat
The Rising Sun
"That a non-Western country could defeat an established power in a war conflict was particularly inspiring for several independence movements around the world" -
Treaty of Versailles: New distribution and new configuration of the European map
United States as world power
Extreme material destruction in Europe
Middle classes impoverished, working masses suffered loss of purchasing power
Nationalist movements -
Collapse of the absolute monarchy and the tsars
Establishment of the communist government
Formation of two ideological blocks: communism and capitalism. -
New distribution and new configuration of the European map
United States as world power
Extreme material destruction in Europe
Middle classes impoverished, working masses suffered loss of purchasing power
Nationalist movements -
Peace
Reconstruction of international relations
International cooperation
Collective security
