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The Evolution of Bilingual Education
I have chosen to snapshot these particular policies and laws concerning ELL instruction over the last Century. Fear and prejudice have handicapped our educational system. Thanks to unrelenting willpower and perserverance, many non-english speakers and their children have paved the way for others to learn, without losing touch with their native language and customs. The Civil Rights Laws and policies ensure that native languages and cultures remain in tact while learning the English language. -
The Simon Act
Nebraska instituted a ban on teaching school lessons using a foreign language. It also banned teaching a foreign language to students before the 8th grade. -
Tried & Fined for Education in Nebraska
Robert Meyer was teaching a 10 year old boy German, when an attorney came into the class. The Hamilton County attorney charged Mr. Meyer with violating the Simon Act. -
Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390
The US Supreme Court ruled that the Simon Act of 1919 was a violation of the 14th Amendment's right to due process. -
Entrance Denied, The Lemon Grove Incident
The Lemon Grove Grammar School Principal denied access to 75 Mexican students and redirected them to a one room school house to receive a seperate education from Caucasian students. -
Lemon Grove v. Álvarez
The California State Superior Court ruled the segregation of Mexican children from Caucasion children was unlawful. The judge, Claude Chambers, felt the separation would do more harm than good and ordered the Lemon Grove School district to return the Mexican children to the main classroom. -
Japanese Language Prohibition in Hawaii
Japanese language was prohibited from being spoken in public. The Japanese were also restricted from publicly gathering in groups more than 10. And they were forced to close their Japanese speaking schools, liquidate the assets, and donate the proceeds to charity. -
LAU v. NICHOLS, 414 U.S. 563 (1974)
A lawsuit brought against the San Francisco school district and won concerning the lack of english language instruction for students of Chinese descent. -
The Lau Remedies
In keeping with the Supreme Court decision concerning Lau v. Nichols the Office for Civil Rights decreed that if the school minority population was 5% or more, that school would be required to provide special language instruction in the native tongue of the student. -
Public Law 101-477
The United States Congress passes a law stating that Native Americans are free to speak their native language in a public forum to include schools. -
No Child Left Behind Act, Title I & III
NCLB Title I provides detailed instruction on how to teach, how to test, and what the mandated requirements for ELLs. Title III provides funding to the state and local agencies charged with educating ELLs.
