The European Reformation

Birth of Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Luther's birth
Martin Luther was born November 10, 1483 and died on February 18, 1546. Luther was an Augustinian monk and a Christian theologian known also as the Father of the Protestant Reformation. He sparked the reformation, went up against the Pope, released writings, deeply influenced Protestant and other Chrsitian traditions, and evenentually developed a standard German version of the bible

Martin Luther sent to Rome

Jan 1, 1510

Rome
In the winter of 1510, Martin Luther was sent to Rome with another monk as one of two representatives for his monastical order to defent their side of conflict on how they should be governed. Yes, at this point he was content witht the Roman Catholic practices and the indulgences in Rome, but later in his journey he finds out his harsh critisism towards the scandalist abusers.

Martin Luther's 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

95 Theses Rap95 Theses
Martin Luther believed the practice of indulgences and the penance for sin representing a financial transaction instead of a genuine contrition in the church was immoral. He found the Christians falsely believing they could receive absolution through indulgence purchases. Therefore, he decided to take a stand against the church in his “scholarly objection to practices” by posting his 95 theses on the door of the Castle Church of Wittenberg.

The Excimation Warning

Jun 15, 1520

Excimation WarningPapal Bull
Pope Leo X, warned Luther that he will be excommunicated unless he recanted 41 sentences included in his 95 Theses within the next sixty days. This was known as the papal bull 'Exsurge Domine'. Luther's response to the Exsurge Domine was to simply burn a copy of it in addition to several copies of the Canon Law.

The release of the Three Treatises

Sep 15, 1520

Three Treatises
Over a course of four months, Luther released his Three Treatesis. Although each Treatise addresses a specific topic, they all are seeking to assauge the burden and reform their faith by returning to their religious scripture. In attempt to clarify and defend his position in the reform, he also allowed his ideas to be comprehendable to people with wide range sof background, but most importantly show his critisism of the Catholic system.

Martin Luther's Excommunication

Jan 3, 1521

Excommunication from the Catholic Church
Because Martin refused to comply after being warned, he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church on January 3, 1521 by Pope Leo X. Months later, after the excommunication, he was called to defend, he was ruled as an outlaw and said to be heretic, so the edict of worms placed him under imperial ban. This included his books being burned.

Luther's Speech at Diet of Worms

Apr 18, 1521

Speech Excerpt Luther's Speech
Luther stood firm before the Emperor, 6 Electors (Princes), 24 dukes, 30 archbishops and bishops and 7 ambassadors bravely defending his written attacks on Catholic beliefs and denying the power of Rome to determine what is right and wrong in matters of faith. In this speech, by clinging to his interpratation of scripture, he provided reasoning for reformation and a reform movement

Eight Sermons

Mar 9, 1522

Incoavit Sermons
Starting on Incoavit Sunday, Luther preached eight sermons known as the Incoavit Sermons. He preached for eight days starting with the 9th and ending on the 16th of March.These eight preachings stressed the importance of patience, charity, freedom, and love. The sermons were eventually transcribed by an unknown amanuensis and printed in many editions.

Anabaptism Begins

Feb 3, 1525

AnabaptismThe Anabaptists believed that the church, should be separated from the state, which they believed existed only for the punishment of sinners. Most Anabaptists were pacifists who opposed war; they also refused to swear oaths, including those to civil authorities.. As a result of re-baptism, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Protestants and Roman Catholics.

Luther's translation of the Bible

Feb 3, 1534

Luther's translation
Luther released his entire six-part edition German translation of the Bible in 1534. His translation included both testamates and was widely desimated because of the printing press. Him and his six collaboraters' reasoning was to allow the writing to be more accessable to the people of the German nation.