-
Period: Jan 1, 1348 to Dec 31, 1517
Italian Renaissance
All about Italy (hence the era). Only Italian Catholics were 'right', only ones who were able to read the scriptures, etc.
Ended with Martin Luther's 95 Theses. -
Jan 1, 1400
The Arnolfini Wedding by Van Eyck
-
Period: Jan 1, 1400 to
Northern Renaissance
Council of Trent- Catholics actually open-mindedly considered what Martin Luther was saying.
Artists: Bruegel; Durer; Grunewald.
Reformers vs. Humanists. -
Apr 18, 1506
Foundation Laid at St. Peter's Basilica
Counter Reformation during the Baroque Era begins at St. Peter's. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses
The Day the Universe Changed.
Martin Luther was born in 1483 in Germany. Nicknamed “The Philosopher”. Teacher of the Gospel. Founder of the Lutheran/Protestant faith. Defined ‘temptation’ as the ‘fight for faith’. -
The Ecstasy of St. Teresa by Bernini
-
Period: to
Baroque Era
Counter Reformation –Italy
Consolidation of Absolute Monarchies
New interest in Nature and a General Broadening of Intellectual Horizons
Artists: Bernini; Caravaggio; Velasquez; El Greco; Rubens-one of the most prolific artists in Western History. -
Last of the Religious Wars Ended
-
The Swing by Fragonard
-
Period: to
Rococo Era
All about the aristocracy.
Painters: Fragonard. Watteau. Chardin= commissioned to paint the lower class. -
Louis XIV Dies
Marks the end of the Baroque Era -
Period: to
Classical Era
Music.- Time Period emphasizing PERFECTION IN FORM
- Pianoforte invented -
Period: to
Mozart
- Mastered piano by age of 3 - violin by 5
- First symphony at 9 ○ "Salzburg Symphony No. 1"
- 1st opera at 12
- 16 years - Allegri's "Miserere" in Rome
- Major Works: ○ "Requiem" (mass for the dead) ○ "Die Zauberflote" ("The Magic Flute") ○ 626 known works
-
Period: to
Beethoven
Transition between Classical era and Romanticism. 9 Symphonies. Works to Know: “5th Symphony” (The Hand of Fate Knocking at the Door) --- “I will take Fate by the throat and I will shake it.”. “Symphony #9” (Ode to Joy). DEAF. Edward Frederick Schiller - wrote lyrics to Ode to Joy. -
Napoleon Crossing the Alps at St. Bernard by David
-
Period: to
NeoClassicism
Two Contributing Factors: 1) Excavations at Pompeii and 2) the French Revolution.
Painters: David - painted a lot of propaganda for Napoleon. -
French Revolution
The Storming of the Bastille and soon after Women's Raid on Versailles.
Mary Wollstonecraft - A Vindication of the Rights of Women. -
Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya
-
Period: to
Romantic Era
Not afraid to be graphic.
Painters: Delacroix - premier Romantic Era painter. Francisco Goya. Gericault - student of Delacroix. Vermeer; Rembrandt.
Composers: Beethoven - Romantic pioneer. Chopin. Liszt - History's largest piano playing hands. Paganini.
Poets: William Blake. William Wordsworth. George Gordon. John Keats. -
Heiligenstadt Testament
Heilegenstadt Testament - written by Beethoven about how he should leave this existence, about how he’s isolated, about how he can’t hear. He describes his talent and he realizes he can't waste his talent. -
Napoleon Deposed
Marked the End of Neoclassicism -
Courbet’s Pavillion of Realism
-
Marx’s Communist Manifesto
first systematic statement of modern socialist doctrine · A period of revolutionary transformation-dictatorship of the proletariat to remove class distinction. Hence, ”Workers of the world, unite!” · Ultimately—no private property. The responsibility of needs is vested with the state. The state decides what people get based on their needs, not wants. · (Lenin will abolish religion, claiming it is disuniting and has a history of oppression.) -
The Absinthe Drinker by Degas
-
Period: to
Realism
Painters: Courbet - Father of Realism; portrays realities of rural life. Manet - portrays realities of urban life. Degas. -Themes/Characteristics
1- Nature
2- Emotion
3- Noble Savage (primitive=pure)
4- Individualism (subjectivity)
5- Creed: “Any Place but here, anytime but now.”
6- Interest in the Occult (Occult=spiritualism/ghosts)
7- Isolation and the Inner Journey
8- Nationalism -
Darwin’s On the Origin of Species
"On the Origin of Species" - All species are in a state of change/flux - Struggle for existence - Some lose the battle/struggle = natural selection - It takes a long time, so we don't see it - Genetic variations are random and not caused by God -
Impression: Sunrise by Monet
-
Period: to
Impressionism
What the eye sees.
Artists: Monet - father of Impressionism. Renoir; Morisot; Cassatt; Rodin; Claudel.
Composers: Debussy and Strauss. -
Starry Night by Van Gogh
-
Period: to
Post-Impressionism
If you want the real thing, take a picture.
Artists: Cezanne; Van Gogh; Munch (expressionism); Matisse (Fauvism). -
Period: to
Post-Romanticism
Romantic-like composers: Rachmaninoff and Elgar. -
Girl Before a Mirror by Picasso
-
Period: to
Modernism
Quality is less significant than being the first to do something.- Art is a set of arbitrary rules that can be changed by the artist at will ( no more rules regarding what art "should " be).
- What your eye sees as reality is not your only option.
- You art can be a purely formal exploration by the artist.
Artists: Picasso and Braque (Cubism). Dali (Surrealism). -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated
Trigger to WWI -
Period: to
WWI
War to End All Wars -
Sinking of the Lusitania
Americans killed on-board. Causes America to enter WWI. -
The Treaty of Versailles Signed
Ends WWI. -
Stock Market Crash
Started the Great Depression -
Period: to
Great Depression
Dorothea Lange - photographer of the people of the Great Depression. -
The Bombing of Guernica
Killing just to eliminate life. Inspired Dali's 'The Bombing of Guernica'. -
America Enters WWII
Also marked as the end of the Great Depression -
Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue? by Newmman
-
Period: to
Post-Modernism
- "Where everything is possible and almost nothing is certain" Artists: Duane Hansen - Verism. Christo and Jeanne-Claude - land art. Newman.
