Timeline: The Development of Art from the Italian Renaissance to Now

Period: Jan 1, 1348 to Dec 31, 1517

Italian Renaissance

All about Italy (hence the era). Only Italian Catholics were 'right', only ones who were able to read the scriptures, etc.
Ended with Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

Jan 1, 1400

The Arnolfini Wedding by Van Eyck

Period: Jan 1, 1400 to Dec 31, 1600

Northern Renaissance

Council of Trent- Catholics actually open-mindedly considered what Martin Luther was saying.
Artists: Bruegel; Durer; Grunewald.
Reformers vs. Humanists.

Apr 18, 1506

Foundation Laid at St. Peter's Basilica

Counter Reformation during the Baroque Era begins at St. Peter's.

Oct 31, 1517

Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses

The Day the Universe Changed.
Martin Luther was born in 1483 in Germany. Nicknamed “The Philosopher”. Teacher of the Gospel. Founder of the Lutheran/Protestant faith. Defined ‘temptation’ as the ‘fight for faith’.

Jan 1, 1600

The Ecstasy of St. Teresa by Bernini

Period: Jan 1, 1600 to Dec 31, 1715

Baroque Era

Counter Reformation –Italy
Consolidation of Absolute Monarchies
New interest in Nature and a General Broadening of Intellectual Horizons
Artists: Bernini; Caravaggio; Velasquez; El Greco; Rubens-one of the most prolific artists in Western History.

Dec 31, 1648

Last of the Religious Wars Ended

Jan 1, 1715

The Swing by Fragonard

Period: Jan 31, 1715 to Dec 31, 1789

Rococo Era

All about the aristocracy.
Painters: Fragonard. Watteau. Chardin= commissioned to paint the lower class.

Sep 1, 1715

Louis XIV Dies

Marks the end of the Baroque Era

Period: Jan 1, 1750 to Dec 31, 1814

Classical Era

Music.- Time Period emphasizing PERFECTION IN FORM
- Pianoforte invented

Period: Jan 27, 1756 to Dec 5, 1791

Mozart

Mastered piano by age of 3 - violin by 5
First symphony at 9 ○ "Salzburg Symphony No. 1"
1st opera at 12
16 years - Allegri's "Miserere" in Rome
Major Works: ○ "Requiem" (mass for the dead) ○ "Die Zauberflote" ("The Magic Flute") ○ 626 known works

Period: Dec 17, 1770 to Mar 26, 1827

Beethoven

Transition between Classical era and Romanticism. 9 Symphonies. Works to Know: “5th Symphony” (The Hand of Fate Knocking at the Door) --- “I will take Fate by the throat and I will shake it.”. “Symphony #9” (Ode to Joy). DEAF. Edward Frederick Schiller - wrote lyrics to Ode to Joy.

Jan 1, 1789

Napoleon Crossing the Alps at St. Bernard by David

Period: Jan 1, 1789 to Dec 31, 1814

NeoClassicism

Two Contributing Factors: 1) Excavations at Pompeii and 2) the French Revolution.
Painters: David - painted a lot of propaganda for Napoleon.

Jul 14, 1789

French Revolution

The Storming of the Bastille and soon after Women's Raid on Versailles.
Mary Wollstonecraft - A Vindication of the Rights of Women.

Jan 1, 1800

Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya

Period: Jan 1, 1800 to Dec 31, 1848

Romantic Era

Not afraid to be graphic.
Painters: Delacroix - premier Romantic Era painter. Francisco Goya. Gericault - student of Delacroix. Vermeer; Rembrandt.
Composers: Beethoven - Romantic pioneer. Chopin. Liszt - History's largest piano playing hands. Paganini.
Poets: William Blake. William Wordsworth. George Gordon. John Keats.

Oct 6, 1802

Heiligenstadt Testament

Heilegenstadt Testament - written by Beethoven about how he should leave this existence, about how he’s isolated, about how he can’t hear. He describes his talent and he realizes he can't waste his talent.

Apr 12, 1814

Napoleon Deposed

Marked the End of Neoclassicism

Jan 1, 1848

Courbet’s Pavillion of Realism

Jan 1, 1848

Marx’s Communist Manifesto

first systematic statement of modern socialist doctrine · A period of revolutionary transformation-dictatorship of the proletariat to remove class distinction. Hence, ”Workers of the world, unite!” · Ultimately—no private property. The responsibility of needs is vested with the state. The state decides what people get based on their needs, not wants. · (Lenin will abolish religion, claiming it is disuniting and has a history of oppression.)

Jan 1, 1848

The Absinthe Drinker by Degas

Period: Jan 1, 1848 to Dec 31, 1869

Realism

Painters: Courbet - Father of Realism; portrays realities of rural life. Manet - portrays realities of urban life. Degas. -Themes/Characteristics
1- Nature
2- Emotion
3- Noble Savage (primitive=pure)
4- Individualism (subjectivity)
5- Creed: “Any Place but here, anytime but now.”
6- Interest in the Occult (Occult=spiritualism/ghosts)
7- Isolation and the Inner Journey
8- Nationalism

Jan 1, 1859

Darwin’s On the Origin of Species

"On the Origin of Species" - All species are in a state of change/flux - Struggle for existence - Some lose the battle/struggle = natural selection - It takes a long time, so we don't see it - Genetic variations are random and not caused by God

Jan 1, 1869

Impression: Sunrise by Monet

Period: Jan 1, 1869 to Dec 31, 1910

Impressionism

What the eye sees.
Artists: Monet - father of Impressionism. Renoir; Morisot; Cassatt; Rodin; Claudel.
Composers: Debussy and Strauss.

Jan 1, 1880

Starry Night by Van Gogh

Period: Jan 1, 1880 to Dec 31, 1900

Post-Impressionism

If you want the real thing, take a picture.
Artists: Cezanne; Van Gogh; Munch (expressionism); Matisse (Fauvism).

Period: Jan 1, 1890 to Dec 31, 1930

Post-Romanticism

Romantic-like composers: Rachmaninoff and Elgar.

Jan 1, 1900

Girl Before a Mirror by Picasso

Period: Jan 1, 1900 to Dec 31, 1945

Modernism

Quality is less significant than being the first to do something.

Art is a set of arbitrary rules that can be changed by the artist at will ( no more rules regarding what art "should " be).
What your eye sees as reality is not your only option.
You art can be a purely formal exploration by the artist.

Names to know: Freud, T.S. Elliot.
Artists: Picasso and Braque (Cubism). Dali (Surrealism).

Jun 28, 1914