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Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York City to a wealthy family. Despite childhood illness, he developed a strong interest in nature, adventure, and politics. -
After President William McKinley was assassinated, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th President of the United States at age 42, the youngest in history at that time. -
The Anthracite Coal Strike threatened the nation’s coal supply. Roosevelt intervened, mediating between miners and owners — the first time a president used federal power to resolve a labor dispute.
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The Elkins Act made it illegal for railroad companies to offer rebates to preferred customers. This marked a major step in Roosevelt’s campaign to regulate big business and enforce fair trade. -
Roosevelt created the first national wildlife refuge at Pelican Island, Florida, protecting birds from hunters and marking the beginning of the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System. -
Roosevelt won his first full term in a landslide victory over Democrat Alton B. Parker, solidifying his popularity and mandate for progressive reform. -
Roosevelt used the new Antiquities Act to designate Devil’s Tower as the first U.S. National Monument. This move began a legacy of preserving America’s natural and cultural landmarks. -
Roosevelt transferred Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove from state to federal control, expanding the National Park System and protecting these lands for future generations. -
Spurred by public outcry after The Jungle was published, Roosevelt signed the Pure Food and Drug Act. It established the FDA and helped ensure consumer safety and honesty in labeling. -
After leaving office, Roosevelt embarked on the Smithsonian–Roosevelt African Expedition. He collected specimens for museums and gained fame as an explorer and conservationist. -
Dissatisfied with his successor, Roosevelt ran again for president as the Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party candidate. Although he lost, his campaign split the Republican vote and reshaped American politics.