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Grammar-Translation Method
It was prevalent in foreign language classrooms from the mid 19th century to the mid 20th century and it was proposed by Prof. Karl Plotz ( 1819-1881 ) In grammar-translation classes, students learn grammatical rules and then apply them. -
The Direct Method
This method is also called Natural Method, it was established in Germany and France around 1900. It was developed in response to the grammar translation method, which involved very little spoken communication and listening comprehension. -
The Audiolingual Method
Linguists at the University of Michigan invented this method in the late 1950s. In the Audiolingual method, students first hear a language, later, they speak the language, and finally, they read and write in it. -
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
The origins of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach date back to 1960 as a response to the growing demand for a language curriculum that would enable learners to use the second language in real-life situations. It was in 1970 that the approach began to expand. -
Total Physical Response (TPR)
It was originally developed in the 1960s by James Asher, an American professor of psychology. Total Physical Response (TPR) is based on the theory that the memory is enhanced through association with physical movement. -
The silent way
It is a language teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno in 1963. It is based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. -
Suggestopedia
It is a teaching method developed by the Bulgarian psychotherapist Georgi Lozanov, The term was coined and published for the first time in Bulgarian in 1965 and in English in 1967. This method encourages the students to apply language more independently, takes more personal responsibility for their own learning and get more confidence. -
The natural approach
It is a method of language teaching developed by Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It is based on observations of how children acquire their native language. It attempts to adapt this process of language acquisition to an adult learning environment. -
Task Based Language Teaching
It was first developed in the 1980s by N Prabhu, a teacher and researcher in Bangalore, South India. It is an approach where the planning of learning materials and teaching sessions are based around doing a task.