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Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile initiated a confederation of the two kingdoms that became the basis for the unification of Spain -
Usually remembered for the King's six wives and his legendary appetite
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A secure Church of England was established. Its doctrines were laid down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromise between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism
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Granted religious tolerance and equality to the Huguenots (French Protestants) and ended the French Wars of Religion
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A European Protestant vs. Catholic war
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Protect citizens of England against the monarchy and to establish the rights of the citizens -
An English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660
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Forever associated with the image of an absolute monarch and a strong, centralised state
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European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War -
Examines the relationship of society and rulers and is widely held as a classic work on the nature of statecraft
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Political adaptability and his knowledge of men enabled him to steer his country through the convolutions of the struggle between Anglicans, Catholics, and Dissenters that marked much of his reign.
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He was determined that Russia become and remain a great European power and carried forward the Westernizing policies in a radical and uncompromising manner
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The peaceful way in which Parliament asserted its rights over the monarchy in 1688
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We can use the idea of a state of nature to justify a proper government -
Firmly established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament -
Greatly enlarged Prussia's territories and made Prussia the foremost military power in Europe
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German composer and musician of the Baroque period
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Young British man who sets off to become a sailor merchant but is marooned on an uninhabited island after a series of misadventures. -
Follows the voyages of Lemuel Gulliver as he ventures to unchartered regions of the world where he finds new civilizations and encounters fantastical beings -
reflects on the influence of climate on society, the separation of political powers, and the need for checks on a powerful executive office. -
A book or set of books giving information on many subjects or many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.
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A conflict between France and Great Britain that began in 1754 as a dispute over North American land claims in the region around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Young and naive Candide stumbles from one (mis)adventure to the next, including fighting in wars, being arrested, being nearly burned at the stake, finding El Dorado and leaving it
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The first truly British monarch of the Hanoverian kings
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Only the general will of the people has the right to legislate, for only under the general will can the people be said to obey only themselves and hence be free. -
As empress, Catherine westernized Russia. She led her country into full participation in the political and cultural life of Europe.
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Street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers -
American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor -
A series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party -
Marked the start of the American War of Independence -
Adam Smith argues for an economic system with little unnecessary government interference that allows people to serve their self-interests. -
God made all men equal and gave them the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness -
Ordered the abolition of serfdom; by the Edict of Toleration he established religious equality before the law, and he granted freedom of the press
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Outnumbered and outfought during a three-week siege in which they sustained great losses, British troops surrendered to the Continental Army and their French allies
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France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there
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Describes the three chief branches of the Federal Government and their jurisdictions, and lays out the basic rights of citizens of the United States
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The National Assembly swore not to stop meeting until France had a constitution
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A state prison, seizing 250 barrels of gunpowder and freeing its prisoners.
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The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. -
Women’s march on Versailles: Oct 5, 1789; a riot that took place during this first stage of the French Revolution
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Women, just as men, are guaranteed natural, inalienable, sacred rights -
A single-chamber assembly in France from September 20, 1792, to October 26, 1795, during the French Revolution -
Argued that women should be treated with equal dignity and respect to men, especially regarding education -
France was made a republic, abolishing the monarchy and executing the king
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A committee of the National Convention which formed the provisional government and war cabinet during the Reign of Terror, a violent phase of the French Revolution. -
A climactic period of state-sanctioned violence during the French Revolution (1789-99), which saw the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary suspects
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The governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV -
Revolutionized military organization and training; sponsored the Napoleonic Code, the prototype of later civil-law codes; reorganized education; and established the long-lived Concordat with the papacy -
A novel about a man and his 'squire' trying to prove that chivalry is not dead and aspiring to be heroes -
One of the most famous battles in British naval history, fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of France and Spain -
The first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon's most significant victories. -
The Coalition armies of Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia, led by Tsar Alexander I and Karl von Schwarzenberg, decisively defeated the Grande Armée of French Emperor Napoleon I.
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A series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order.
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Ordered and oversaw massive infrastructure improvements
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Only allowed to walk freely within a limited area and under the supervision of several British soldiers