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Man needed to accumulate, record and preserve his cultural heritage and he did so with writing around 3100 BC. The school appears with a group of teachers (court scribes or priests). Learning method: memorization. There was severe physical discipline. -
As soon as a new hunting technique was learned or
perfection of some utensil, this knowledge was transmitted to the
subsequent generations, who learned it through observation,
trial and error. The teaching technique was rudimentary but effective:
personalized and practical. After many years of evolution and learning, the groups
were more numerous and more organized, until they became complex
societies with a fully organized division of labor. -
Education had great influence from the church.
The first universities were created.
At this time great transcendental characters for education were born, such as Tomas de Aquino, among others.
It was believed that Man was the center of all things and what was sought was his relationship with God. Royal children were educated by teachers of the church and the royal court, according to court protocol. This consisted of learning to read, write, fight, and ride horses. -
Spartan education was mainly focused on war and honor. Athenian education attended to both the cultivation of the body and the mind. The Athenians put the emphasis on the development of reason and critical sense, which they exercised in public life and in cultural manifestations. -
I reject religious dogma.
Anthropocentric vision.
Rescue of classical authors, works and thought.
Promotion of science based on empirical evidence.
Rise of the arts, science and philosophy.
Feudalism disappears and the bourgeoisie is established.
Main exponents: Erasmus of Rotterdam (theology), Nicolás Machiavelli (politics), Martin Luther (theology), Leonardo da Vinci (painting), Miguel Ángel Bounarotti (sculpture), Nicolás Copernicus (astronomy) and
Francis Bacon (empiricism). -
Development of the human person with a spirit of freedom, independent, critical of the previous authority and discipline.
Attractive and pleasant study in the face of imposition and dogmatism.
Return to the methods of observation, experimentation and induction.
Pragmatic, utilitarian and realistic education.
It facilitates the dissemination of culture and mass education.
Attention to physical, corporal, aesthetic and urban life. -
Education was based on the reading of the Bible and therefore, the need to teach both children and adults to read, from this principle arises the interest in popular teaching. The reform organizes public education not only in the middle grade, but also in the public primary school. National character leaving some freedom of teaching to each nation and used vernacular languages. -
Education that he fostered uprooted the American man from his soil; he neglected the cultivation of rationality and the scientific spirit. Education has been an instrument of domination because it lacked:
l. Purpose of what is educated
2. Scientific knowledge, based on the very nature of the learner.
3. Educational method, based on this knowledge, that allows the educator to guide the student to achieve the objectives. -
Education as a fundamental and inalienable right of the human condition, a way of individual and social progress. Utilitarian profile. Education source of happiness and progress, well-being and material mastery of nature. Criticism: criticism of the past. Enlightenment education was national, universal, compulsory, uniform and civic. Public education, without exclusions, universal, compulsory, free, uniform and civic. -
Education in the colonies became necessary to meet the practical needs of sailors, merchants, artisans, and frontiersmen. -
Schooling was an issue that preoccupied the intellectuals, politicians and pedagogues of the epoch.
Compulsory education was an important but insufficient step.
The majority of the school-age population remained illiterate.
The United States greatly influenced the educational systems of Latin America. The 20th century has been marked by the expansion of the educational systems of the industrialized nations of Asia and Africa. -
It focuses on personalization, equality, collaboration, communication, and community relations.
These skills are necessary in a rapidly changing global economy and students will be trained for jobs that do not yet exist. Personalized learning. Educators can adjust their teaching methods in several ways: Differentiate the difficulty of the content;
Differentiate modes of delivery;
Differentiate evaluation strategies.