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Education was focused on security survival and comformity. It was also focused on the preservation and transmission of traditions.
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-Writing emerges in Egypt and Babylon
- School emerges placing adults as teachers (scribes and priests)
- Memorization was the primary method
-Physical discipline was the motivator -
Prepared children for adult activities;
-Sparta produced soldier -citizens
-Athens trained citizens in the arts and literature as well as in physical education -
Focused on literature and oratory, disregarding art and science
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Church controlled education focused on preparing people for the afterlife. Paying no attention to physical and scientific education; music was only taught for liturgical purposes.
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Scholars looked back at the classical education of the Greeks and Romans and accomodated it to their era and culture.
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Promoted universal education, primarily focused in reading and writing for the acknowledgement of the Scriptures
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Johann Amos Comenius, John Locke and Rousseau contribute to education in observing that children must be taught through perception and ilustration of the world. "Children are not miniature adults"; therefore, through a scientific base child education must be in contrast to that of an adult.
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Leads to the enforcement of universal education as a means to defeat satan's Influenced ignorance on society.
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Due to growing demands of commersialization, schools add practical and utilitarian subjects to the humanist- religious education
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Most schools adopt a dual system education consisting in offering a vocational or technical pathway for students.
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Establishment of a state-supported, secular free, public elementary and secondary schools.
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Subjects of scientific and mathematical instruction were greatly emphasized and prioritized. This results in the loss of popularity of the classical subjects.
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As public schools continued to outnumber private schools, countries saw an increasing demand of classroom and institution capabilities. This lead to shifting of the very popular individualized teaching into more grupal and general method.
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Contributes world education greatly in devising techniques and materials focused on helping the mentally retarded and being a leading founder of Special education.
