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Smallpox arrives from Europe through French and British settlers and begins affecting Indigenous populations as they did not have the immune systems to survive the epidemic. -
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Royal Charter grants the company exclusive trading rights. -
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The first global war is fought in Europe, India, and America. Through the Treaty of Paris, France formally cedes Canada to Britian. -
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United States of America recognized as new country
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A series of attacks on black loyalists in Birchtown, Nova Scotia by white loyalists. This is the first race riot in Canada and one of the earliest recorded race riots in North America.
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The statute allowed white Loyalists to enter Ontario/Canada without having to pay duty on their slaves.
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Governor John Graves Simcoe passed the Anti-Slavery Act which freed enslaved people 25 and over and made it illegal to bring enslaved people to Upper Canada (ie. Ontario)
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British government passed to abolish slavery throughout the British Empire (including Canada)
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The United States invades Canada
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The escape of approximately 30,000 to 40,000 African-American slaves to Canada.
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At first, the school only admitted boys but began admitting girls in 1834. -
Cholera begins making a large impact in Canada to a point that a quarantine and inspection station is established in Quebec. The disease killed 10% of the population -
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A legislative act making it mandatory for all children to be vaccinated against smallpox during the first 3 months of life.
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Charlies Darwin's research on natural selection is published. -
Mrs. Kwong Lee arrives in Victoria from San Francisco.
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Won Alexander Cumyow is born in Victoria
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Under the Constitution Act (British North America Act), the government takes over land reserved for First Nations.
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Louis Reil and 120 men protect Rupert's Land in Red River Colony from the HBC. Metis community led by Riel as well as Indigenous allies defend the colony; however, Riel is charged with treason and hung for his crimes. Cree chiefs Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear) and Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker) are imprisoned. -
Act of Parliament passed that created compulsory education for children aged 5-13. -
Large amounts of British children were brought to Canada to work as labourers on farms and servants in homes. First large system of foster placement.
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Treaties signed by Canadian government and Indigenous Nations. -
Aim to eradicate First Nations culture in favour of assimilation into Euro-Canadian society. The Act also reinforces that Status Indians must voluntarily give up status and treaty rights to vote federally. Status Indian women are barred from voting in band council elections.
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Thousands of Chinese workers are employed to build the railway.
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Designed to isolate Indigenous children from their families and cut all ties to their culture.
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Restricted Chinese immigration and put in place a $50 head tax per person
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An Integrated theological movement centred on social development and change
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Passed in Ontario. Also known as the Act for the Prevention of Cruelty to and Better Protection of Children. Made the abuse of children an indictable offence for the first time.
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Tax raised to $500 per person -
South Asians were denied multiple rights
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Riot in Vancouver that involved thousands of people terrorizing Chinese and Japanese residents. Organized by the Asiatic Exclusion League. -
After visiting 35 residential schools, Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce, chief medical officer for Canada’s Department of the Interior and Indian Affairs (1904–21), reveals that Indigenous children are dying at alarming rates – with the mortality rate of enrolled students as high as 25 percent. This number climbs to 69 percent after students leave school. -
Amendment to the Immigration Act that prohibits the arrival of any immigrant who didn't come to Canada by continuous journey from their home country.
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First university training program for social work is created at the University of Toronto
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A vessel carrying 376 immigrants arrives in Vancouver and is rejected to enter Canada by officials. -
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The federal law is passed and allows the government extra emergency powers to maintain security and order.
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The devastating flu is brought to Canada by soldiers fighting in the first world war. The pandemic killed approximately 50,000 people in Canada
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Only white women receive the right to vote and First Nations women can only vote if they give up their status and treaty rights. -
Largest Strike in Canadian history. From the middle of May to the end of June, more than 30,000 workers left their jobs. A key leader was Helen Armstrong, president of Winnipeg Women's Labour Leage. -
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Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to the House of Commons and serves from 1921 - 1940 -
An act passed that banned Chinese immigration.
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The association is formed with members from child welfare, settlement houses and municipal departments.
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The act was passed and intended to serve as a nationwide system to supply benefits to the poorest seniors.
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Due to the stock market crash, millions of Canadians were left unemployed and in poverty. This sparked a prominent change regarding views on poverty.
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1500 Camp occupants went on strike in BC due to increasing dissatisfaction with the poor conditions in the government’s remote relief camps and in Vancouver. Demanded more jobs and better wages. -
Historical: During a rally held at Regina's Market Square, RCMP squads moved in on a group of 300 rallying trekkers which sparked conflict and began the riot. -
Economist John Maynard Keynes develops the economic theory that focuses on government spending on infrastructure, unemployment benefits and education. This theory focused on consumer demand and proposed that to fix a nation's economy, you had to provide citizens money to spend.
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Veronica Foster becomes a Canadian icon as she is seen smoking and producing machine guns for the war effort. -
Approximately 22,000 Japanese Canadians are interned on the West Coast and are stripped of their property. -
A detailed report stating the need for thorough and universal programs to protect those vulnerable to poverty.
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Stated that everyone has the right to be free from racial discrimination and harassment. Prohibited any signs or publications expressing racial or religious discrimination.
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A significant increase in births following the second world war.
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Provided universal income assistance to the elderly and those in retirement.
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The federal government begins providing assistance to unemployed people.
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Indigenous peoples win the right to vote in federal elections without giving up their status and treaty rights
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The House of Commons approves of the Canadian Bill of Rights and made the federal government guarantee civil rights and freedoms to all Canadians
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Leonard Braithwaite is elected into the Ontario Legislature and serves as a Liberal member from 1963 - 1975 -
Legislation provides for universal public coverage of hospital and doctors’ services to all Canadians.
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A new system that looked at education, experience, fluency in English & French and ideally a broad human capital as opposed to job-specific immigration.
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Amended under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government
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Federal Statute that made English and French the official Languages of Canada.
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A group of 17 women from Vancouver travel to Ottawa to protest the unsafe and unfair restrictions around abortion after the legalization. A group of approximately 500 women march on Parliament Hill and commence Canada's first-ever national feminist protest. -
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau introduces Canada's federal multicultural policy. Aimed to manage both rising francophone nationalism in Quebec and increasing cultural diversity in Canada.
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Focuses on peeling back the layers of past experiences in order for people to gain insight and awareness into what prevents them from moving forward in their lives.
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Focus on the fundamental interactions between people and their social environment
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Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope to raise money for cancer research in St. John's, NL. The run lasted till September 1st when cancer was discovered in Terry's lungs. To this day $800 million has been raised. -
The Canadian Human Rights Act prohibits sexual harassment in workplaces that fall under federal jurisdiction. Rape laws are broadened to include sexual assault and make it a criminal offence for a husband to rape his wife. Ontario police are directed to lay charges in domestic violence cases
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Bertha Wilson becomes the first women justice to serve on the Supreme Court of Canada. -
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Prime Minister Steven Harper offers an apology in Cantonese to Chinese Canadians. -
Prime Minister Steven Harper offers a full apology on behalf of Canadians. -
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The first COVID-19 case is discovered in a Toronto hospital and begins the pandemic in Canada.
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On the site of the Kamloops Indian Residential School, approximately 200 unmarked graves are found.