-
Period: to
Elizabethan Poor Laws
-
European Missionaries Arrive in North America to convert Indigenous populations
-
English Civil War
-
Smallpox
Smallpox arrives from Europe through French and British settlers and begins affecting Indigenous populations as they did not have the immune systems to survive the epidemic. -
Relief of the Poor (Settlement) Act
-
Period: to
The Great Plague of London
-
Creation of the Hudson's Bay Company
Royal Charter grants the company exclusive trading rights. -
Deontological Theory
-
Seven Year's War
The first global war is fought in Europe, India, and America. Through the Treaty of Paris, France formally cedes Canada to Britian. -
Settlement, Employment and Relief of the Poor Act
-
Declaration of Independence
United States of America recognized as new country -
Canada's First Race Riot
A series of attacks on black loyalists in Birchtown, Nova Scotia by white loyalists. This is the first race riot in Canada and one of the earliest recorded race riots in North America. -
Imperial Statute
The statute allowed white Loyalists to enter Ontario/Canada without having to pay duty on their slaves. -
Utilitarian Theory
-
Simcoe's Anti-Slave Trade Bill
Governor John Graves Simcoe passed the Anti-Slavery Act which freed enslaved people 25 and over and made it illegal to bring enslaved people to Upper Canada (ie. Ontario) -
The Slave Trade Act
British government passed to abolish slavery throughout the British Empire (including Canada) -
Period: to
War of 1812
The United States invades Canada -
2000 Black Refugees move from US to Canada
-
Period: to
The Underground Railroad
The escape of approximately 30,000 to 40,000 African-American slaves to Canada. -
First Residential School Created
At first, the school only admitted boys but began admitting girls in 1834. -
Cholera Epidemic
Cholera begins making a large impact in Canada to a point that a quarantine and inspection station is established in Quebec. The disease killed 10% of the population -
British Parliament Abolishes Slavery
-
Abolition of Slavery Act
-
Vaccination Act
A legislative act making it mandatory for all children to be vaccinated against smallpox during the first 3 months of life. -
Charles Darwin - On the Origin of Species
Charlies Darwin's research on natural selection is published. -
First Chinese Woman to Arrive in Canada
Mrs. Kwong Lee arrives in Victoria from San Francisco. -
First Chinese Baby Born in Canada
Won Alexander Cumyow is born in Victoria -
Federal Government Takes Authority of First Nations Land
Under the Constitution Act (British North America Act), the government takes over land reserved for First Nations. -
Red River Resistance
Louis Reil and 120 men protect Rupert's Land in Red River Colony from the HBC. Metis community led by Riel as well as Indigenous allies defend the colony; however, Riel is charged with treason and hung for his crimes. Cree chiefs Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear) and Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker) are imprisoned. -
The Elementary Education Act of 1870
Act of Parliament passed that created compulsory education for children aged 5-13. -
Period: to
Immigration of British Children
Large amounts of British children were brought to Canada to work as labourers on farms and servants in homes. First large system of foster placement. -
11 Numbered Treaties Signed
Treaties signed by Canadian government and Indigenous Nations. -
Indian Act Introduced
Aim to eradicate First Nations culture in favour of assimilation into Euro-Canadian society. The Act also reinforces that Status Indians must voluntarily give up status and treaty rights to vote federally. Status Indian women are barred from voting in band council elections. -
Period: to
Canada Pacific Railway (West)
Thousands of Chinese workers are employed to build the railway. -
Sir. John A. Macdonald Authorizes Creation of Residential Schools
Designed to isolate Indigenous children from their families and cut all ties to their culture. -
Period: to
Chinese Head Tax
Restricted Chinese immigration and put in place a $50 head tax per person -
Period: to
Social Gospel Movement
An Integrated theological movement centred on social development and change -
First Children's Aid Society (Toronto)
-
First Child Protection Act
Passed in Ontario. Also known as the Act for the Prevention of Cruelty to and Better Protection of Children. Made the abuse of children an indictable offence for the first time. -
Psychoanalytic Theory
-
Chinese Head Tax Raised
Tax raised to $500 per person -
South Asian Population Disenfranchised
South Asians were denied multiple rights -
Anti-Asian Riot
Riot in Vancouver that involved thousands of people terrorizing Chinese and Japanese residents. Organized by the Asiatic Exclusion League. -
The Bryce Report
After visiting 35 residential schools, Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce, chief medical officer for Canada’s Department of the Interior and Indian Affairs (1904–21), reveals that Indigenous children are dying at alarming rates – with the mortality rate of enrolled students as high as 25 percent. This number climbs to 69 percent after students leave school. -
Continuous Journey Regulation
Amendment to the Immigration Act that prohibits the arrival of any immigrant who didn't come to Canada by continuous journey from their home country. -
Training Program for Social Work
First university training program for social work is created at the University of Toronto -
Komagata Maru Arrives in Vancouver
A vessel carrying 376 immigrants arrives in Vancouver and is rejected to enter Canada by officials. -
Period: to
WWI
-
War Measures Act
The federal law is passed and allows the government extra emergency powers to maintain security and order. -
Period: to
Spanish Flu
The devastating flu is brought to Canada by soldiers fighting in the first world war. The pandemic killed approximately 50,000 people in Canada -
Canadian Women Get Right To Vote Federally
Only white women receive the right to vote and First Nations women can only vote if they give up their status and treaty rights. -
Winnipeg General Strike
Largest Strike in Canadian history. From the middle of May to the end of June, more than 30,000 workers left their jobs. A key leader was Helen Armstrong, president of Winnipeg Women's Labour Leage. -
Residential Schools Become Mandatory
-
First Female Member of Parliament
Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to the House of Commons and serves from 1921 - 1940 -
Period: to
Chinese Exclusion Act
An act passed that banned Chinese immigration. -
Canadian Association of Social Workers
The association is formed with members from child welfare, settlement houses and municipal departments. -
Old Age Pension Act
The act was passed and intended to serve as a nationwide system to supply benefits to the poorest seniors. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
Due to the stock market crash, millions of Canadians were left unemployed and in poverty. This sparked a prominent change regarding views on poverty. -
On to Ottawa Trek
1500 Camp occupants went on strike in BC due to increasing dissatisfaction with the poor conditions in the government’s remote relief camps and in Vancouver. Demanded more jobs and better wages. -
Regina Riot
Historical: During a rally held at Regina's Market Square, RCMP squads moved in on a group of 300 rallying trekkers which sparked conflict and began the riot. -
Keynesian Economics
Economist John Maynard Keynes develops the economic theory that focuses on government spending on infrastructure, unemployment benefits and education. This theory focused on consumer demand and proposed that to fix a nation's economy, you had to provide citizens money to spend. -
Period: to
WWII
-
Ronnie "The Bren Gun Girl"
Veronica Foster becomes a Canadian icon as she is seen smoking and producing machine guns for the war effort. -
Internment of Japanese Canadians
Approximately 22,000 Japanese Canadians are interned on the West Coast and are stripped of their property. -
Marsh Report
A detailed report stating the need for thorough and universal programs to protect those vulnerable to poverty. -
Ontario Passes Racial Discrimination Act
Stated that everyone has the right to be free from racial discrimination and harassment. Prohibited any signs or publications expressing racial or religious discrimination. -
Period: to
Baby Boom
A significant increase in births following the second world war. -
Behavioural Theory
-
Old Age Security Act
Provided universal income assistance to the elderly and those in retirement. -
Humanist Theory
-
Unemployment Act
The federal government begins providing assistance to unemployed people. -
Period: to
Sixties Scoop
-
Indigenous Peoples Win the Right to Vote
Indigenous peoples win the right to vote in federal elections without giving up their status and treaty rights -
Canadian Bill of Rights
The House of Commons approves of the Canadian Bill of Rights and made the federal government guarantee civil rights and freedoms to all Canadians -
First Black Person Elected to Parliament
Leonard Braithwaite is elected into the Ontario Legislature and serves as a Liberal member from 1963 - 1975 -
Medical Care Act
Legislation provides for universal public coverage of hospital and doctors’ services to all Canadians. -
Immigration Points System
A new system that looked at education, experience, fluency in English & French and ideally a broad human capital as opposed to job-specific immigration. -
Decriminalization of homosexuality, abortion, and contraception
Amended under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government -
Official Languages Act
Federal Statute that made English and French the official Languages of Canada. -
Cognitive Theory
-
Task Centered System
-
Abortion Caravan arrives in Ottawa
A group of 17 women from Vancouver travel to Ottawa to protest the unsafe and unfair restrictions around abortion after the legalization. A group of approximately 500 women march on Parliament Hill and commence Canada's first-ever national feminist protest. -
Canada Multicultural Policy
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau introduces Canada's federal multicultural policy. Aimed to manage both rising francophone nationalism in Quebec and increasing cultural diversity in Canada. -
Onion Peeling Theory
Focuses on peeling back the layers of past experiences in order for people to gain insight and awareness into what prevents them from moving forward in their lives. -
Ecosystems Theory
Focus on the fundamental interactions between people and their social environment -
Critical Race Theory
-
Empowerment Theory
-
Feminist Theories
-
Anti-Oppressive approaches
-
Terry Fox
Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope to raise money for cancer research in St. John's, NL. The run lasted till September 1st when cancer was discovered in Terry's lungs. To this day $800 million has been raised. -
Sexual Assault Laws
The Canadian Human Rights Act prohibits sexual harassment in workplaces that fall under federal jurisdiction. Rape laws are broadened to include sexual assault and make it a criminal offence for a husband to rape his wife. Ontario police are directed to lay charges in domestic violence cases -
First Woman on the Supreme Court
Bertha Wilson becomes the first women justice to serve on the Supreme Court of Canada. -
Constructivist Theory
-
Transpersonal Theory
-
Narrative Theory
-
Last Federally Operated Residential School Closes
-
Apology for Chinese Head Tax
Prime Minister Steven Harper offers an apology in Cantonese to Chinese Canadians. -
Formal Apology to Former Residential School Students
Prime Minister Steven Harper offers a full apology on behalf of Canadians. -
First National Truth and Reconciliation Event
-
Summary Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Released
-
Canada Supports UN Declaration of Indigenous Rights
-
First COVID-19 Case in Canada
The first COVID-19 case is discovered in a Toronto hospital and begins the pandemic in Canada. -
Unmarked Burials Found at Residential School
On the site of the Kamloops Indian Residential School, approximately 200 unmarked graves are found.