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The Soviet Union launched Sputnik (later referred to as Sputnik 1), the first artificial satellite.
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Alan B. Shepard, Jr., became the first U.S. astronaut in space.
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The United States launched Apollo 8, the first manned space mission to orbit the moon.
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U.S. astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made the first human lunar landing.
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Soviet cosmonauts boarded Salyut 1, making it the first manned orbiting space station.
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The United States launched the probe Viking 1. This probe, along with a second probe called Viking 2, landed on Mars in 1976 and sent back photos and data.
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The U.S. space shuttle Challenger tore apart in midair, killing all seven astronauts aboard.
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The United States launched the space shuttle Columbia, the first reusable piloted spacecraft.
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The space shuttle Atlantis touched down in Florida after completing the final shuttle mission.