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Enlightenment
movement emphasized reason, individual rights, and scientific inquiry, challenging traditional authority and promoting secularism, it also helped America and France carve its path for revolution. -
Period: to
WEST EUROPE
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Industrial Revolution
A change in technologies and social transformation, driven by innovations in textiles and the use of steam power, and led to significant economic growth -
The Rise of Nationalism
The spread of revolutionary ideas about liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty challenged existing political structures and helped create a sense of national identity. -
French Revolution
The lower class french people, outraged at the King and upper class, with the idea of "Liberty, equality, and fraternity", It inspired other revolutions across Europe and had a profound impact on political thought and social structures. -
Berlin Conference
This conference, organized by European powers, regulated the colonization and trade in Africa. It formalized the scramble for Africa, leading to the division of the continent among European nations